Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
December-2020 Volume 22 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2020 Volume 22 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

  • Authors:
    • Yi‑Xin Du
    • Lei Ye
    • Zi‑Jian Song
    • Hui Lv
    • Qian Liu
    • Song‑Guo Li
    • Sheng‑Sheng Liu
    • Jian Hong
    • Yi Gao
    • Marion E. Schneider
    • Wei‑Dong Du
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Experimental Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, D‑89081 Ulm, Germany, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China, Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China, Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Du et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5369-5377
    |
    Published online on: October 16, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11605
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but severe disease characterized by immune hyperactivation and cytokine storm. Given the high mortality rate of HLH, there is a need for more effective diagnostic tools and treatments. The present study developed a dendrimer‑based protein biochip for rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection of serum interferon (IFN)‑γ and endogenous anti‑IFN‑γ antibody (Ab) in patients with HLH. A gold biochip was modified with 1, 4‑phenylene diisothiocyanate (PDITC), polyamidoamine (PAMAM) or PDITC‑activated PAMAM. The optimal immobilization concentration for Ab capture and the reaction concentration for detecting Ab on the PDITC‑activated PAMAM‑modified biochip were 6.25 and 3.12 µg/ml, respectively; the limit of detection of IFN‑γ protein was 50 pg/ml. The efficiency of the protein‑probed biochip in detecting IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ Ab in serum samples from 77 patients with HLH was evaluated; the positive rates for IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG Ab were 63.6% (49/77) and 61.0% (47/77), respectively. The present results demonstrated that the PDITC‑activated PAMAM‑modified biochip might be a sensitive tool for the specific detection of IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ Ab in serum, and might have clinical applicability for the diagnosis of HLH.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Gupta S and Weitzman S: Primary and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Clinical features, pathogenesis and therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 6:137–154. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Tang YM and Xu XJ: Advances in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Pathogenesis, early diagnosis/differential diagnosis, and treatment. ScientificWorldJournal. 11:697–708. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Trottestam H, Horne A, Aricò M, Egeler RM, Filipovich AH, Gadner H, Imashuku S, Ladisch S, Webb D, Janka G, et al: Chemoimmunotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Long-term results of the HLH-94 treatment protocol. Blood. 118:4577–4584. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Henter JI, Horne A, Aricó M, Egeler RM, Filipovich AH, Imashuku S, Ladisch S, McClain K, Webb D, Winiarski J and Janka G: HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 48:124–131. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chandrakasan S and Filipovich AH: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Advances in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Pediatr. 163:1253–1259. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Xu XJ, Tang YM, Song H, Yang SL, Xu WQ, Zhao N, Shi SW, Shen HP, Mao JQ, Zhang LY and Pan BH: Diagnostic accuracy of a specific cytokine pattern in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children. J Pediatr. 160:984–990.e1. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Tsuji T, Hirano T, Yamasaki H, Tsuji M and Tsuda H: A high sIL-2R/ferritin ratio is a useful marker for the diagnosis of lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Ann Hematol. 93:821–826. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Allen CE, Yu X, Kozinetz CA and McClain KL: Highly elevated ferritin levels and the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 50:1227–1235. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tang Y, Liao C, Xu X, Song H, Shi S, Yang S, Zhao F, Xu W, Chen X, Mao J, et al: Evaluation of Th1/Th2 cytokines as a rapid diagnostic tool for severe infection in paediatric haematology/oncology patients by the use of cytometric bead array technology. Clin Microbiol Infect. 17:1666–1673. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Jordan MB, Hildeman D, Kappler J and Marrack P: An animal model of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): CD8+ T cells and interferon gamma are essential for the disorder. Blood. 104:735–743. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Pachlopnik Schmid J, Ho CH, Chrétien F, Lefebvre JM, Pivert G, Kosco-Vilbois M, Ferlin W, Geissmann F, Fischer A and de Saint Basile G: Neutralization of IFNgamma defeats haemophagocytosis in LCMV-infected perforin- and Rab27a-deficient mice. EMBO Mol Med. 1:112–124. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Weidong D, Xueling M and Schneider EM: A direct immunoassay assessment of streptavidin- and N-hydroxysuccinimide-modified biochips in validation of serological TNFalpha responses in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Biomol Screen. 13:515–526. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Liu Q, Liu SS, Li SG, Gao Y, Ye L, Johnson GOR, Song ZJ and Du WD: Establishment of a protein biochip to detect serum IgG antibodies against IL-2 and soluble CD25 in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Clin Chim Acta. 487:256–263. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Dupuy AM, Lehmann S and Cristol JP: Protein biochip systems for the clinical laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med. 43:1291–1302. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Moore CD, Ajala OZ and Zhu H: Applications in high-content functional protein microarrays. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 30:21–27. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Liu RH, Dill K, Fuji HS and McShea A: Integrated microfluidic biochips for DNA microarray analysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 6:253–261. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Campos BB, Oliva MM, Contreras-Cáceres R, Rodriguez-Castellón E, Jiménez-Jiménez J, da Silva JC and Algarra M: Carbon dots on based folic acid coated with PAMAM dendrimer as platform for Pt(IV) detection. J Colloid Interface Sci. 465:165–173. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Müller M, Agarwal N and Kim J: A cytochrome P450 3A4 biosensor based on generation 4.0 PAMAM dendrimers for the detection of caffeine. Biosensors. 6:442016.

19 

Jin H, Gui R, Gao X and Sun Y: An amplified label-free electrochemical aptasensor of γ-interferon based on target-induced DNA strand transform of hairpin-to-linear conformation enabling simultaneous capture of redox probe and target. Biosens Bioelectron. 145:1117322019.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ma K, Zhang F, Sayyadi N, Chen W, Anwer AG, Care A, Xu B, Tian W, Goldys EM and Liu G: ‘Turn-on’ fluorescent aptasensor based on AIEgen labeling for the localization of IFN-γ in live cells. ACS Sens. 3:320–326. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Pavlickova P, Jensen NM, Paul H, Schaeferling M, Giammasi C, Kruschina M, Du WD, Theisen M, Ibba M, Ortigao F and Kambhampati D: Antibody detection in human serum using a versatile protein chip platform constructed by applying nanoscale self-assembled architectures on gold. J Proteome Res. 1:227–231. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Chanphai P, Froehlich E, Mandeville JS and Tajmir-Riahi HA: Protein conjugation with PAMAM nanoparticles: Microscopic and thermodynamic analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 150:168–174. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhang H, Wang H and Liu Y: Multivalency interface and g-C3N4 coated liquid metal nanoprobe signal amplification for sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection of exosomes and their surface proteins. Anal Chem. 91:12100–12107. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Zhang M, Ren Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Zhou Q, Peng Y, Li Q, Yu M and Jiang Y: Regulation of smooth muscle contractility by competing endogenous mRNAs in intracranial aneurysms. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 74:411–424. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Gandhiraman RP, Gubala V, Le NC, Volcke C, Doyle C, James B, Daniels S and Williams DE: Deposition of chemically reactive and repellent sites on biosensor chips for reduced non-specific binding. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 79:270–275. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ye L, Huang NL, Ma XL, Schneider M, Huang XJ and Du WD: Establishment of N-succinimidyl 4-(maleimidomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylate (SMCC) modified biochip enabling concurrent detection of serum infectious antibodies in neuroborreliosis. Biosens Bioelectron. 78:404–410. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Otrock ZK, Hock KG, Riley SB, de Witte T, Eby CS and Scott MG: Elevated serum ferritin is not specific for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Ann Hematol. 96:1667–1672. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kurzrock R, Rohde MF, Quesada JR, Gianturco SH, Bradley WA, Sherwin SA and Gutterman JU: Recombinant gamma interferon induces hypertriglyceridemia and inhibits post-heparin lipase activity in cancer patients. J Exp Med. 164:1093–1101. 1986.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Lin A, Ma TP, Cheng FW and Ng PC: Neonatal haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with maternal adult-onset still's disease. Neonatology. 110:267–269. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Oaks M, Taylor S and Shaffer J: Autoantibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens in metastatic cancer: Sialylated IgGs as candidate anti-inflammatory antibodies. Oncoimmunology. 2:e248412013.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Lovisari F, Terzi V, Lippi MG, Brioschi PR and Fumagalli R: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicated by multiorgan failure: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 96:e91982017.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Avau A and Matthys P: Therapeutic potential of interferon-γ and its antagonists in autoinflammation: Lessons from murine models of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 8:793–815. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Prencipe G, Caiello I, Pascarella A, Grom AA, Bracaglia C, Chatel L, Ferlin WG, Marasco E, Strippoli R, de Min C and De Benedetti F: Neutralization of IFN-γ reverts clinical and laboratory features in a mouse model of macrophage activation syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 141:1439–1449. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Du YX, Ye L, Song ZJ, Lv H, Liu Q, Li SG, Liu SS, Hong J, Gao Y, Schneider ME, Schneider ME, et al: Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Mol Med Rep 22: 5369-5377, 2020.
APA
Du, Y., Ye, L., Song, Z., Lv, H., Liu, Q., Li, S. ... Du, W. (2020). Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 22, 5369-5377. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11605
MLA
Du, Y., Ye, L., Song, Z., Lv, H., Liu, Q., Li, S., Liu, S., Hong, J., Gao, Y., Schneider, M. E., Du, W."Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis". Molecular Medicine Reports 22.6 (2020): 5369-5377.
Chicago
Du, Y., Ye, L., Song, Z., Lv, H., Liu, Q., Li, S., Liu, S., Hong, J., Gao, Y., Schneider, M. E., Du, W."Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis". Molecular Medicine Reports 22, no. 6 (2020): 5369-5377. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11605
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Du YX, Ye L, Song ZJ, Lv H, Liu Q, Li SG, Liu SS, Hong J, Gao Y, Schneider ME, Schneider ME, et al: Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Mol Med Rep 22: 5369-5377, 2020.
APA
Du, Y., Ye, L., Song, Z., Lv, H., Liu, Q., Li, S. ... Du, W. (2020). Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 22, 5369-5377. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11605
MLA
Du, Y., Ye, L., Song, Z., Lv, H., Liu, Q., Li, S., Liu, S., Hong, J., Gao, Y., Schneider, M. E., Du, W."Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis". Molecular Medicine Reports 22.6 (2020): 5369-5377.
Chicago
Du, Y., Ye, L., Song, Z., Lv, H., Liu, Q., Li, S., Liu, S., Hong, J., Gao, Y., Schneider, M. E., Du, W."Development of a dendrimer PAMAM‑based gold biochip for rapid and sensitive detection of endogenous IFN‑γ and anti‑IFN‑γ IgG in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis". Molecular Medicine Reports 22, no. 6 (2020): 5369-5377. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11605
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team