Long non‑coding RNAs and microRNAs as regulators of stress in cancer (Review)

Pierouli,Katerina; Papakonstantinou,Eleni; Papageorgiou,Louis; Diakou,Io; Mitsis,Thanasis; Dragoumani,Konstantina; Spandidos,Demetrios A.; Bacopoulou,Flora; Chrousos,George P.; Goulielmos,George Ν.; Eliopoulos,Elias; Vlachakis,Dimitrios

doi:10.3892/mmr.2022.12878

Long non‑coding RNAs and microRNAs as regulators of stress in cancer (Review)

Authors:
- Katerina Pierouli
- Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Louis Papageorgiou
- Io Diakou
- Thanasis Mitsis
- Konstantina Dragoumani
- Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Flora Bacopoulou
- George P. Chrousos
- George Ν. Goulielmos
- Elias Eliopoulos
- Dimitrios Vlachakis
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Affiliations: Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece, Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
Published online on: October 21, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12878
Article Number: 361
Copyright: © Pierouli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Resistance to stress is a feature of cancer cells. Cellular stress includes oxidative, metabolic and genotoxic stress conditions, which under normal conditions lead to cell death. However, in contrast to normal cells, cancer cells overcome the checkpoints that normally restrict growth, and are able to resist cellular stress and subsequent cell death through a variety of mechanisms, which include several non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Within this context, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are the main categories of ncRNAs that have been shown in the literature to function as regulators of stress resistance pathways in cancer. miRNAs play a key role in the majority of biological pathways, as they regulate the expression of hundreds of target genes, including genes involved in stress response and cell death, oncogenes, or tumor suppressor genes, by inhibiting protein translation or promoting the degradation of mRNAs. Respectively, lncRNAs are epigenetic regulators, which are also involved in cancer progression, stress response and metabolic pathways by promoting or inhibiting the transcription, splicing, translation and modulation of protein function. Thus, the present review summarizes recent knowledge related to the role of these molecules in the cancer response to stress, highlighting the ability of these non‑coding molecules to be effective drug targets and biomarkers in cancer treatment.

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