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Diospyros lotus leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation

  • Authors:
    • Jae Young Shin
    • Byoung Ok Cho
    • Ji Hyeon Park
    • Eun Seo Kang
    • Jang Ho Kim
    • Hun Yong Ha
    • Young-Soo Kim
    • Seon Il Jang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute of Health and Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju‑si, Jeollabuk‑do 55069, Republic of Korea, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju‑si, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28674, Republic of Korea, Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju‑si, Jeollabuk‑do 54896, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Shin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 178
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    Published online on: August 8, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13303
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Abstract

Diospyros lotus has been traditionally used in Asia for medicinal purposes, exhibiting a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, neuroprotective and anti‑inflammatory properties. While the anti‑itch effect of D. lotus leaves has been reported, studies on the detailed mechanism of action in microglia and astrocytes, which are members of the central nervous system, have yet to be revealed. The present study aimed to investigate effects of D. lotus leaf extract (DLE) and its main component myricitrin (MC) on itch‑related cytokines and signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated microglia. The effect of DLE and MC on activation of astrocyte stimulated by microglia was also examined. Cytokine production was evaluated through reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis. Signaling pathway was analyzed by performing western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of microglia on astrocytes activation was evaluated via western blotting for receptors, signaling molecules and itch mediators and confirmed through gene silencing using short interfering RNA. DLE and MC suppressed the production of itch‑related cytokine IL‑6 and IL‑31 in LPS‑stimulated microglia. These inhibitory effects were mediated through the blockade of NF‑κB, MAPK and JAK/STAT pathways. In astrocytes, stimulation by microglia promoted the expression of itch‑related molecules such as oncostatin M receptor, interleukin 31 receptor a, inositol 1,4,5‑trisphosphate receptor 1, lipocalin‑2 (LCN2), STAT3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. However, DLE and MC significantly inhibited these receptors. Additionally, astrocytes stimulated by microglia with IL‑6, IL‑31, or both genes silenced did not show activation of LCN2 or STAT3. The findings of the present study demonstrated that DLE and MC could suppress pruritic activity in astrocytes induced by microglia‑derived IL‑6 and IL‑31. This suggested the potential of DLE and MC as functional materials capable of alleviating pruritus.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shin JY, Cho BO, Park JH, Kang ES, Kim JH, Ha HY, Kim Y and Jang SI: <em>Diospyros lotus</em> leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation. Mol Med Rep 30: 178, 2024.
APA
Shin, J.Y., Cho, B.O., Park, J.H., Kang, E.S., Kim, J.H., Ha, H.Y. ... Jang, S.I. (2024). <em>Diospyros lotus</em> leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation. Molecular Medicine Reports, 30, 178. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13303
MLA
Shin, J. Y., Cho, B. O., Park, J. H., Kang, E. S., Kim, J. H., Ha, H. Y., Kim, Y., Jang, S. I."<em>Diospyros lotus</em> leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation". Molecular Medicine Reports 30.4 (2024): 178.
Chicago
Shin, J. Y., Cho, B. O., Park, J. H., Kang, E. S., Kim, J. H., Ha, H. Y., Kim, Y., Jang, S. I."<em>Diospyros lotus</em> leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation". Molecular Medicine Reports 30, no. 4 (2024): 178. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13303
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shin JY, Cho BO, Park JH, Kang ES, Kim JH, Ha HY, Kim Y and Jang SI: <em>Diospyros lotus</em> leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation. Mol Med Rep 30: 178, 2024.
APA
Shin, J.Y., Cho, B.O., Park, J.H., Kang, E.S., Kim, J.H., Ha, H.Y. ... Jang, S.I. (2024). <em>Diospyros lotus</em> leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation. Molecular Medicine Reports, 30, 178. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13303
MLA
Shin, J. Y., Cho, B. O., Park, J. H., Kang, E. S., Kim, J. H., Ha, H. Y., Kim, Y., Jang, S. I."<em>Diospyros lotus</em> leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation". Molecular Medicine Reports 30.4 (2024): 178.
Chicago
Shin, J. Y., Cho, B. O., Park, J. H., Kang, E. S., Kim, J. H., Ha, H. Y., Kim, Y., Jang, S. I."<em>Diospyros lotus</em> leaf extract and its main component myricitrin inhibit itch‑related IL‑6 and IL‑31 by suppressing microglial inflammation and microglial‑mediated astrocyte activation". Molecular Medicine Reports 30, no. 4 (2024): 178. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13303
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