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Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function

  • Authors:
    • Ying Chen
    • Yu Li
    • Xiaojuan Li
    • Qingqing Fang
    • Feng Li
    • Shiyao Chen
    • Weichang Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 189
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    Published online on: August 20, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13313
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Abstract

Indole‑3‑propionic acid (IPA), a product of Clostridium sporogenes metabolism, has been shown to improve intestinal barrier function. In the present study, in vitro experiments using NCM460 human colonic epithelial cells were performed to investigate how IPA alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced intestinal epithelial cell injury, with the aim of improving intestinal barrier function. In addition, the underlying mechanism was explored. NCM460 cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The underlying molecular mechanism was explored using western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, a dual luciferase reporter gene assay and quantitative PCR. The results showed that 10 µg/ml LPS induced the most prominent decrease in cell viability after 24 h of treatment. By contrast, IPA effectively inhibited LPS‑induced apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, >0.5 mM IPA improved intestinal barrier function by increasing TEER and upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens‑1, claudin‑1 and occludin). Furthermore, IPA inhibited the release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines (IL‑1β, IL‑6 and TNF‑α) in a dose‑dependent manner and this was achieved via regulation of the Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88/NF‑κB and TLR4/TRIF/NF‑κB pathways. In conclusion, IPA may alleviate LPS‑induced inflammatory injury in human colonic epithelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IPA may be a potential therapeutic approach for the management of diseases characterized by LPS‑induced intestinal epithelial cell injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Y, Li Y, Li X, Fang Q, Li F, Chen S and Chen W: Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function. Mol Med Rep 30: 189, 2024.
APA
Chen, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Fang, Q., Li, F., Chen, S., & Chen, W. (2024). Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function. Molecular Medicine Reports, 30, 189. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13313
MLA
Chen, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Fang, Q., Li, F., Chen, S., Chen, W."Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function". Molecular Medicine Reports 30.4 (2024): 189.
Chicago
Chen, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Fang, Q., Li, F., Chen, S., Chen, W."Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function". Molecular Medicine Reports 30, no. 4 (2024): 189. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13313
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Y, Li Y, Li X, Fang Q, Li F, Chen S and Chen W: Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function. Mol Med Rep 30: 189, 2024.
APA
Chen, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Fang, Q., Li, F., Chen, S., & Chen, W. (2024). Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function. Molecular Medicine Reports, 30, 189. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13313
MLA
Chen, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Fang, Q., Li, F., Chen, S., Chen, W."Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function". Molecular Medicine Reports 30.4 (2024): 189.
Chicago
Chen, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Fang, Q., Li, F., Chen, S., Chen, W."Indole‑3‑propionic acid alleviates intestinal epithelial cell injury via regulation of the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway to improve intestinal barrier function". Molecular Medicine Reports 30, no. 4 (2024): 189. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13313
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