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Review Open Access

Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Yi-Ming Wang
    • Lan-Shuan Feng
    • Ao Xu
    • Xiao-Han Ma
    • Miao-Tiao Zhang
    • Jie Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China, Cardiovascular Department, Xi'an Fifth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 210
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    Published online on: September 19, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13334
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Abstract

Copper, a vital trace element, is indispensable for the maintenance of physiological functioning, particularly in the cardiac system. Unlike other forms of cell death such as iron death and apoptosis, copper‑induced cell death has gained increasing recognition as a significant process influencing the development of cardiovascular diseases. The present review highlights the significance of maintaining copper homeostasis in addressing cardiovascular diseases. This review delves into the crucial roles of copper in physiology, including the metabolic pathways and its absorption, transport and excretion. It provides detailed insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases resulting from both excess and deficient copper levels. Additionally, it summarizes strategies for treating copper imbalances through approaches such as copper chelators and ion carriers while discussing their limitations and future prospects. 
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang Y, Feng L, Xu A, Ma X, Zhang M and Zhang J: Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 30: 210, 2024.
APA
Wang, Y., Feng, L., Xu, A., Ma, X., Zhang, M., & Zhang, J. (2024). Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 30, 210. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13334
MLA
Wang, Y., Feng, L., Xu, A., Ma, X., Zhang, M., Zhang, J."Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 30.5 (2024): 210.
Chicago
Wang, Y., Feng, L., Xu, A., Ma, X., Zhang, M., Zhang, J."Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 30, no. 5 (2024): 210. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13334
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang Y, Feng L, Xu A, Ma X, Zhang M and Zhang J: Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 30: 210, 2024.
APA
Wang, Y., Feng, L., Xu, A., Ma, X., Zhang, M., & Zhang, J. (2024). Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 30, 210. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13334
MLA
Wang, Y., Feng, L., Xu, A., Ma, X., Zhang, M., Zhang, J."Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 30.5 (2024): 210.
Chicago
Wang, Y., Feng, L., Xu, A., Ma, X., Zhang, M., Zhang, J."Copper ions: The invisible killer of cardiovascular disease (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 30, no. 5 (2024): 210. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13334
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