Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
January-2025 Volume 31 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2025 Volume 31 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects

  • Authors:
    • Xin He
    • Xiao-Yang Chu
    • Xu Chen
    • Yu-Lan Xiang
    • Ze-Lu Li
    • Chun-Yan Gao
    • Ying-Yi Luan
    • Kai Yang
    • Dong-Liang Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100040, P.R. China, Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100000, P.R. China, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100040, P.R. China
    Copyright: © He et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 29
    |
    Published online on: November 13, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13393
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Alveolar bone defects caused by inflammation, trauma and tumors adversely affect periodontal health, causing tooth loosening or dentition defects, thus affecting denture or implant repair. Advancements in tissue engineering technology and stem cell biology have significantly improved the regenerative reconstruction of alveolar bone defects. The multiple trophic activities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by mesenchymal stem cells play important roles in exerting their therapeutic effects. Several studies have reported the role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in bone regeneration, but the regenerative effects of DPSC‑EVs on alveolar bone defects are unclear. In the present study, the osteogenic effects of DPSC‑EVs on Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells in vitro and their osteoinductive effects in an alveolar bone defect rat model were investigated. The results showed that DPSC‑EVs significantly promoted the expression of osteogenic genes, such as runt‑related transcription factor 2 and alkaline phosphatase, and increased the osteogenic differentiation capability of HERS. These findings suggested that transforming growth factor β1 inhibition decreased DPSC‑EV‑induced Smad, MAPK and ERK phosphorylation in HERS. In vivo, DPSC‑EV‑loaded hydrogels were transplanted into the alveolar sockets of Sprague‑Dawley rats and observed for eight weeks. The new bone grew concentrically in the DPSC‑EV or DPSC‑EV‑loaded hydrogel group, with greater bone mass than that in the control group, and the bone volume/total volume increased notably. The results confirmed the osteogenic and osteoinductive effects of DPSC‑EVs and DPSC‑Exo‑loaded hydrogels on alveolar bone defects. Due to their low immunogenicity, high stability, good biocompatibility and osteogenic propensity, DPSC‑EV‑loaded hydrogels are a safe cell‑free therapeutic approach for defective alveolar bone regeneration.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Hollý D, Klein M, Mazreku M, Zamborský R, Polák Š, Danišovič Ľ and Csöbönyeiová M: Stem cells and their derivatives-implications for alveolar bone regeneration: A comprehensive review. Int J Mol Sci. 22:117462021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Pervizaj-Oruqaj L, Selvakumar B, Ferrero MR, Heiner M, Malainou C, Glaser RD, Wilhelm J, Bartkuhn M, Weiss A, Alexopoulos I, et al: Alveolar macrophage-expressed Plet1 is a driver of lung epithelial repair after viral pneumonia. Nat Commun. 15:872024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Lu X, Yu S, Chen G, Zheng W, Peng J, Huang X and Chen L: Insight into the roles of melatonin in bone tissue and bone-related diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med. 47:822021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Baldwin P, Li DJ, Auston DA, Mir HS, Yoon RS and Koval KJ: Autograft, allograft, and bone graft substitutes: Clinical evidence and indications for use in the setting of orthopaedic trauma surgery. J Orthop Trauma. 33:203–213. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wang HD and Zhang YZ: Editorial commentary: Reduce the failure risk: A challenge to reduce the risk of using hybrid graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 34:2936–2938. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Lei F, Li M, Lin T, Zhou H, Wang F and Su X: Treatment of inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis by stem cell-derived exosomes. Acta Biomater. 141:333–343. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Li X, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Guo W, Chen G and Tian W: Development of immortalized Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cell lines for cementum and dentin regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther. 10:32019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ouchi T and Nakagawa T: Mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue regeneration therapies for periodontitis. Regen Ther. 14:72–78. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Park KR, Kim S, Cho M and Yun HM: Limonoid triterpene, obacunone increases runt-related transcription factor 2 to promote osteoblast differentiation and function. Int J Mol Sci. 22:24832021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bi F, Tang H, Zhang Z, Lyu Y, Huo F, Chen G and Guo W: Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells show potential for periodontal complex regeneration. J Periodontol. 94:263–276. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zhang S, Yang Y, Jia S, Chen H, Duan Y, Li X, Wang S, Wang T, Lyu Y, Chen G and Tian W: Exosome-like vesicles derived from Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells promote the regeneration of dentin-pulp tissue. Theranostics. 10:5914–5931. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gupta D, Zickler AM and El Andaloussi S: Dosing extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 178:1139612021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Harrell CR, Jovicic N, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N and Volarevic V: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and other extracellular vesicles as new remedies in the therapy of inflammatory diseases. Cells. 8:16052019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Mattei V and Delle Monache S: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and tissue regeneration: Mechanisms mediated by direct, paracrine, or autocrine effects. Biomedicines. 11:3862023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Mattei V, Martellucci S, Pulcini F, Santilli F, Sorice M and Delle Monache S: Regenerative potential of DPSCs and revascularization: direct, paracrine or autocrine effect? Stem Cell Rev Rep. 17:1635–1646. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang X and Thomsen P: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles and bone regeneration. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 128:18–36. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhang S, Chuah SJ, Lai RC, Hui JHP, Lim SK and Toh WS: MSC exosomes mediate cartilage repair by enhancing proliferation, attenuating apoptosis and modulating immune reactivity. Biomaterials. 156:16–27. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Hade MD, Suire CN and Suo Z: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: applications in regenerative medicin. Cells. 10:19592021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Otsuru S, Desbourdes L, Guess AJ, Hofmann TJ, Relation T, Kaito T, Dominici M, Iwamoto M and Horwitz EM: Extracellular vesicles released from mesenchymal stromal cells stimulate bone growth in osteogenesis imperfecta. Cytotherapy. 20:62–73. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Familtseva A, Jeremic N and Tyagi SC: Exosomes: Cell-created drug delivery systems. Mol Cell Biochem. 459:1–6. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Wu F, Lei N, Yang S, Zhou J, Chen M, Chen C, Qiu L, Guo R, Li Y and Chang L: Treatment strategies for intrauterine adhesion: Focus on the exosomes and hydrogels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 11:12640062023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Chew JRJ, Chuah SJ, Teo KYW, Zhang S, Lai RC, Fu JH, Lim LP, Lim SK and Toh WS: Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes enhance periodontal ligament cell functions and promote periodontal regeneration. Acta Biomater. 89:252–264. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kandalam U, Kawai T, Ravindran G, Brockman R, Romero J, Munro M, Ortiz J, Heidari A, Thomas R, Kuriakose S, et al: Predifferentiated gingival stem cell-induced bone regeneration in rat alveolar bone defect model. Tissue Eng Part A. 27:424–436. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Fang CH, Sun CK, Lin YW, Hung MC, Lin HY, Li CH, Lin IP, Chang HC, Sun JS and Chang JZ: Metformin-incorporated gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds promotes bone regeneration in critical size rat alveolar bone defect model. Int J Mol Sci. 23:5582022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Guo Q, Zheng J, Lin H, Han Z, Wang Z, Ren J, Zhai J, Zhao H, Du R and Li C: Conditioned media of deer antler stem cells accelerate regeneration of alveolar bone defects in rats. Cell Prolif. 56:e134542023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Witwer KW, Goberdhan DC, O'Driscoll L, Théry C, Welsh JA, Blenkiron C, Buzás EI, Di Vizio D, Erdbrügger U, Falcón-Pérez JM, et al: Updating MISEV: Evolving the minimal requirements for studies of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles. 10:e121822021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Gelibter S, Marostica G, Mandelli A, Siciliani S, Podini P, Finardi A and Furlan R: The impact of storage on extracellular vesicles: A systematic study. J Extracell Vesicles. 11:e121622022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Matsuzaka Y and Yashiro R: Therapeutic strategy of mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles as regenerative medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 23:64802022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Storti G, Scioli MG, Kim BS, Orlandi A and Cervelli V: Adipose-derived stem cells in bone tissue engineering: Useful tools with new applications. Stem Cells Int. 2019:36738572019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Wan Z, Zhang P, Liu Y, Lv L and Zhou Y: Four-dimensional bioprinting: Current developments and applications in bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 101:26–42. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Chen Y, Yang Q, Lv C, Chen Y, Zhao W, Li W, Chen H, Wang H, Sun W and Yuan H: NLRP3 regulates alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis by promoting osteoclastic differentiation. Cell Prolif. 54:e129732021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Lin W, Li Q, Zhang D, Zhang X, Qi X, Wang Q, Chen Y, Liu C, Li H, Zhang S, et al: Mapping the immune microenvironment for mandibular alveolar bone homeostasis at single-cell resolution. Bone Res. 9:172021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kittaka M, Yoshimoto T, Schlosser C, Rottapel R, Kajiya M, Kurihara H, Reichenberger EJ and Ueki Y: Alveolar bone protection by targeting the SH3BP2-SYK axis in osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res. 35:382–395. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Huang X, Xie M, Xie Y, Mei F, Lu X, Li X and Chen L: The roles of osteocytes in alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis. J Transl Med. 18:4792020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Tan J, Dai A, Pan L, Zhang L, Wang Z, Ke T, Sun W, Wu Y, Ding PH and Chen L: Inflamm-aging-related cytokines of IL-17 and IFN-γ accelerate osteoclastogenesis and periodontal destruction. J Immunol Res. 2021:99190242021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhu L, Zhou C, Chen S, Huang D, Jiang Y, Lan Y, Zou S and Li Y: Osteoporosis and alveolar bone health in periodontitis niche: A predisposing factors-centered review. Cells. 11:33802022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Setiawan M, Jäger A, Daratsianos N, Reimann S, Chen J, Schmöle AC, Derichs-Schönthal D and Konermann A: Impact of the endocannabinoid system on murine cranial and alveolar bone phenotype. Ann Anat. 230:1515162020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Martínez-Gil N, Mellibovsky L, Manzano-López González D, Patiño JD, Cozar M, Rabionet R, Grinberg D and Balcells S: On the association between Chiari malformation type 1, bone mineral density and bone related genes. Bone Rep. 16:1011812022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Vimalraj S: Alkaline phosphatase: Structure, expression and its function in bone mineralization. Gene. 754:1448552020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Cirano FR, Pimentel SP, Ribeiro FV, Casati MZ, Casarin RC, Gallafassi DF, Nishii D and Corrêa MG: Impact of history of periodontitis on gene expression of bone-related factors in young patients. Braz Oral Res. 34:e0142020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Balbaied T and Moore E: Overview of optical and electrochemical alkaline phosphatase (ALP) biosensors: Recent approaches in cells culture techniques. Biosensors (Basel). 9:1022019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Darjanki CM, Prahasanti C, Fitria AE, Kusumawardani B, Wijaksana IKE and Aljunaid M: RUNX2 and ALP expression in osteoblast cells exposed by PMMA-HAp combination: An in vitro study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 13:277–282. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Kim KM, Son HE, Min HY and Jang WG: Vitexin enhances osteoblast differentiation through phosphorylation of Smad and expression of Runx2 at in vitro and ex vivo. Mol Biol Rep. 47:8809–8817. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Gao RT, Zhan LP, Meng C, Zhang N, Chang SM, Yao R and Li C: Homeobox B7 promotes the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells by activating RUNX2 and transcript of BSP. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:10459–10470. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

45 

Chen D, Kim DJ, Shen J, Zou Z and O'Keefe RJ: Runx2 plays a central role in Osteoarthritis development. J Orthop Translat. 23:132–139. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Kazemi NY, Gendrot B, Berishvili E, Markovic SN and Cohen M: The role and clinical interest of extracellular vesicles in pregnancy and ovarian cancer. Biomedicines. 9:12572021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Gug C, Caba L, Mozos I, Stoian D, Atasie D, Gug M and Gorduza EV: Rare splicing mutation in COL1A1 gene identified by whole exomes sequencing in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta type I followed by prenatal diagnosis: A case report and review of the literature. Gene. 741:1445652020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Zhang L, Hu J, Meshkat BI, Liechty KW and Xu J: LncRNA MALAT1 modulates TGF-β1-induced EMT in keratinocyte. Int J Mol Sci. 22:118162021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Syed AM, Kundu S, Ram C, Kulhari U, Kumar A, Mugale MN, Mohapatra P, Murty US and Sahu BD: Up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling axis by daphnetin alleviates transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac remodeling in mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 186:17–30. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Wang J, Xiang H, Lu Y and Wu T: Role and clinical significance of TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 in malignant tumors (Review). Int J Mol Med. 47:552021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
He X, Chu X, Chen X, Xiang Y, Li Z, Gao C, Luan Y, Yang K and Zhang D: Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects. Mol Med Rep 31: 29, 2025.
APA
He, X., Chu, X., Chen, X., Xiang, Y., Li, Z., Gao, C. ... Zhang, D. (2025). Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects. Molecular Medicine Reports, 31, 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13393
MLA
He, X., Chu, X., Chen, X., Xiang, Y., Li, Z., Gao, C., Luan, Y., Yang, K., Zhang, D."Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects". Molecular Medicine Reports 31.1 (2025): 29.
Chicago
He, X., Chu, X., Chen, X., Xiang, Y., Li, Z., Gao, C., Luan, Y., Yang, K., Zhang, D."Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects". Molecular Medicine Reports 31, no. 1 (2025): 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13393
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
He X, Chu X, Chen X, Xiang Y, Li Z, Gao C, Luan Y, Yang K and Zhang D: Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects. Mol Med Rep 31: 29, 2025.
APA
He, X., Chu, X., Chen, X., Xiang, Y., Li, Z., Gao, C. ... Zhang, D. (2025). Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects. Molecular Medicine Reports, 31, 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13393
MLA
He, X., Chu, X., Chen, X., Xiang, Y., Li, Z., Gao, C., Luan, Y., Yang, K., Zhang, D."Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects". Molecular Medicine Reports 31.1 (2025): 29.
Chicago
He, X., Chu, X., Chen, X., Xiang, Y., Li, Z., Gao, C., Luan, Y., Yang, K., Zhang, D."Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects". Molecular Medicine Reports 31, no. 1 (2025): 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2024.13393
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team