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Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Aspasia Manta
    • Anastasia Georganta
    • Afroditi Roumpou
    • Vassilis Zoumpourlis
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Emmanouil Rizos
    • Melpomeni Peppa
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Endocrine Unit, Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece, Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece
    Copyright: © Manta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 114
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    Published online on: February 26, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13479
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Abstract

Schizophrenia (SCZ) represents a considerable health concern, not only due to its impact on cognitive and psychiatric domains, but also because of its association with metabolic abnormalities. Individuals with SCZ face an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MS), which contributes to the increased cardiovascular burden and reduced life expectancy observed in this population. Metabolic alterations are associated with both the SCZ condition itself and extrinsic factors, particularly the use of antipsychotic medications. Additionally, the link between SCZ and MS seems to be guided by distinct genetic parameters. The present narrative review summarizes the relationship between SCZ and MS and emphasizes the various therapeutic approaches for managing its components in patients with these conditions. Recommended therapeutic approaches include lifestyle modifications as the primary strategy, with a focus on behavioral lifestyle programs, addressing dietary patterns and physical activity. Pharmacological interventions include administering common antidiabetic medications and the selection of less metabolically harmful antipsychotics. Alternative interventions with limited clinical application are also discussed. Ultimately, a personalized therapeutic approach encompassing both the psychological and metabolic aspects is essential for the effective management of MS in patients with SCZ.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Manta A, Georganta A, Roumpou A, Zoumpourlis V, Spandidos DA, Rizos E and Peppa M: Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review). Mol Med Rep 31: 114, 2025.
APA
Manta, A., Georganta, A., Roumpou, A., Zoumpourlis, V., Spandidos, D.A., Rizos, E., & Peppa, M. (2025). Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 31, 114. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13479
MLA
Manta, A., Georganta, A., Roumpou, A., Zoumpourlis, V., Spandidos, D. A., Rizos, E., Peppa, M."Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31.5 (2025): 114.
Chicago
Manta, A., Georganta, A., Roumpou, A., Zoumpourlis, V., Spandidos, D. A., Rizos, E., Peppa, M."Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31, no. 5 (2025): 114. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13479
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Manta A, Georganta A, Roumpou A, Zoumpourlis V, Spandidos DA, Rizos E and Peppa M: Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review). Mol Med Rep 31: 114, 2025.
APA
Manta, A., Georganta, A., Roumpou, A., Zoumpourlis, V., Spandidos, D.A., Rizos, E., & Peppa, M. (2025). Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 31, 114. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13479
MLA
Manta, A., Georganta, A., Roumpou, A., Zoumpourlis, V., Spandidos, D. A., Rizos, E., Peppa, M."Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31.5 (2025): 114.
Chicago
Manta, A., Georganta, A., Roumpou, A., Zoumpourlis, V., Spandidos, D. A., Rizos, E., Peppa, M."Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31, no. 5 (2025): 114. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13479
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