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Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Yucong Wang
    • Chunxiao Gu
    • Hui Zhao
    • Zhongzheng Li
    • Anand Thirupathi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Joint Surgery, Ningbo No. 9 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China, Department of Joint Surgery, Ningbo No. 9 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China, Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 119
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    Published online on: March 4, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13484
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Abstract

Muscle atrophy frequently occurs in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, despite active participation in muscle strengthening programs. Without appropriate countermeasures such as exercise and pharmacological interventions, the atrophy may worsen. At the cellular and molecular levels, various protein synthesis‑related pathways and redox‑dependent molecules regulate processes associated with atrophy by activating or deactivating key signaling pathways. Muscle atrophy and the associated dysfunction can be reversed by physical exercise, which increases protein synthesis, thereby improving muscle strength and function around the ACL. However, the influence of different features of exercise protocols, including exercise type, intensity and duration, as well as the individual capacity of the patient, on the activity of the aforementioned pathways requires further investigation. Additionally, the mechanism by which redox‑sensitive molecules attenuate atrophy in ACL injury remains to be fully understood. The present review discusses exercise, signaling pathways and muscle atrophy in ACL injury, and highlights potential therapeutic strategies. These findings may also have implications for other joint diseases associated with ACL‑related injury.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang Y, Gu C, Zhao H, Li Z and Thirupathi A: Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review). Mol Med Rep 31: 119, 2025.
APA
Wang, Y., Gu, C., Zhao, H., Li, Z., & Thirupathi, A. (2025). Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 31, 119. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13484
MLA
Wang, Y., Gu, C., Zhao, H., Li, Z., Thirupathi, A."Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31.5 (2025): 119.
Chicago
Wang, Y., Gu, C., Zhao, H., Li, Z., Thirupathi, A."Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31, no. 5 (2025): 119. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13484
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang Y, Gu C, Zhao H, Li Z and Thirupathi A: Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review). Mol Med Rep 31: 119, 2025.
APA
Wang, Y., Gu, C., Zhao, H., Li, Z., & Thirupathi, A. (2025). Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 31, 119. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13484
MLA
Wang, Y., Gu, C., Zhao, H., Li, Z., Thirupathi, A."Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31.5 (2025): 119.
Chicago
Wang, Y., Gu, C., Zhao, H., Li, Z., Thirupathi, A."Redox signaling‑mediated muscle atrophy in ACL injury: Role of physical exercise (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31, no. 5 (2025): 119. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13484
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