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Review Open Access

Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Shuhao Cheng
    • Yuqing Wang
    • Jie Yao
    • Guodong Cheng
    • Gengzhi Ye
    • Fapeng Shi
    • Xiaolei Ma
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Clinical Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, P.R. China, Department of Respiratory Medicine I, The Fourth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Cheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 145
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    Published online on: March 26, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13855
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a notable threat to global public health. Conventional antibiotic treatments are hampered by long treatment courses, notable toxicity and rising levels of drug resistance. By contrast, photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising alternative to antibiotics. This approach employs photosensitizers (PSs), light and oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species, which induce oxidative stress to eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The present review explores the mechanisms, benefits and primary challenges of PDT in the context of TB treatment. The present review also discusses advanced strategies that address hurdles, such as the robust mycobacterial cell wall, hypoxic environments and biofilm formation. These strategies include rational PS design, innovative nanodelivery systems and synergistic combination therapies. The present review also explores pathways for future clinical translation, highlighting the potential of PDT as a viable supplement or alternative to traditional TB chemotherapy through interdisciplinary innovation.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Cheng S, Wang Y, Yao J, Cheng G, Ye G, Shi F and Ma X: Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 33: 145, 2026.
APA
Cheng, S., Wang, Y., Yao, J., Cheng, G., Ye, G., Shi, F., & Ma, X. (2026). Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 145. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13855
MLA
Cheng, S., Wang, Y., Yao, J., Cheng, G., Ye, G., Shi, F., Ma, X."Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.5 (2026): 145.
Chicago
Cheng, S., Wang, Y., Yao, J., Cheng, G., Ye, G., Shi, F., Ma, X."Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 5 (2026): 145. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13855
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cheng S, Wang Y, Yao J, Cheng G, Ye G, Shi F and Ma X: Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 33: 145, 2026.
APA
Cheng, S., Wang, Y., Yao, J., Cheng, G., Ye, G., Shi, F., & Ma, X. (2026). Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 33, 145. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13855
MLA
Cheng, S., Wang, Y., Yao, J., Cheng, G., Ye, G., Shi, F., Ma, X."Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33.5 (2026): 145.
Chicago
Cheng, S., Wang, Y., Yao, J., Cheng, G., Ye, G., Shi, F., Ma, X."Photodynamic therapy: A paradigm shift in overcoming drug‑resistant tuberculosis (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 33, no. 5 (2026): 145. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13855
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