|
1
|
Kim J, Harper A, McCormack V, Sung H,
Houssami N, Morgan E, Mutebi M, Garvey G, Soerjomataram I and
Fidler-Benaoudia MM: Global patterns and trends in breast cancer
incidence and mortality across 185 countries. Nat Med.
31:1154–1162. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Schumacher TN and Thommen DS: Tertiary
lymphoid structures in cancer. Science. 375:eabf94192022.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3
|
Gago da Graça C, van Baarsen LGM and
Mebius RE: Tertiary lymphoid structures: Diversity in their
development, composition, and role. J Immunol. 206:273–281. 2021.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
4
|
Teillaud JL, Houel A, Panouillot M,
Riffard C and Dieu-Nosjean MC: Tertiary lymphoid structures in
anticancer immunity. Nat Rev Cancer. 24:629–646. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
5
|
Zhao L, Jin S, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wang X,
Chen Z, Wang X, Huang S, Zhang D and Wu H: Tertiary lymphoid
structures in diseases: Immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances.
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 9:2252024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Ruddle NH: From lymphotoxin to tertiary
lymphoid structures and beyond. Immunol Rev. 335:e700622025.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7
|
Goronzy JJ and Weyand CM: Perivascular
tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune disease. Immunol Rev.
332:e700472025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
Peyraud F, Guegan JP, Vanhersecke L,
Brunet M, Teyssonneau D, Palmieri L, Bessede A and Italiano A:
Tertiary lymphoid structures and cancer immunotherapy: From bench
to bedside. Med. 6:1005462025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Fridman WH, Meylan M, Pupier G, Calvez A,
Hernandez I and Sautès-Fridman C: Tertiary lymphoid structures and
B cells: An intratumoral immunity cycle. Immunity. 56:2254–2269.
2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10
|
Wang Q, Yu Y, Wang C, Jiang Z, Li J, Li X,
Huang X, Song Y, Li Z, Tang S and Song C: Heterogeneity of tertiary
lymphoid structures predicts the response to neoadjuvant therapy
and immune microenvironment characteristics in triple-negative
breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 132:295–310. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11
|
Helmink BA, Reddy SM, Gao J, Zhang S,
Basar R, Thakur R, Yizhak K, Sade-Feldman M, Blando J, Han G, et
al: B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy
response. Nature. 577:549–555. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12
|
Munoz-Erazo L, Rhodes JL, Marion VC and
Kemp RA: Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer-considerations for
patient prognosis. Cell Mol Immunol. 17:570–575. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13
|
Figenschau SL, Knutsen E, Urbarova I,
Fenton C, Elston B, Perander M, Mortensen ES and Fenton KA: ICAM1
expression is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and associated
with TLS formation in aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Sci Rep.
8:117202018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14
|
Park IA, Hwang SH, Song IH, Heo SH, Kim
YA, Bang WS, Park HS, Lee M, Gong G and Lee HJ: Expression of the
MHC class II in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interferon signaling. PLoS One.
12:e01827862017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
15
|
Deng S, Chen Y, Song B, Wang H, Huang S,
Wu K and Chu Q: Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer:
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity, immune orchestration, and
translational opportunities. J Hematol Oncol. 18:972025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Xu M, Ren Y, Ba Y, Liu S, Zuo A,
Xu H, Weng S, Han X and Liu Z: Tertiary lymphoid structural
heterogeneity determines tumour immunity and prospects for clinical
application. Mol Cancer. 23:752024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Gu-Trantien C, Migliori E, Buisseret L, de
Wind A, Brohée S, Garaud S, Noël G, Dang Chi VL, Lodewyckx JN,
Naveaux C, et al: CXCL13-producing TFH cells link immune
suppression and adaptive memory in human breast cancer. JCI
Insight. 2:e914872017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Hutloff A: T Follicular Helper-like cells
in inflamed Non-lymphoid tissues. Front Immunol. 9:17072018.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19
|
Noël G, Fontsa ML, Garaud S, De Silva P,
de Wind A, Van den Eynden GG, Salgado R, Boisson A, Locy H, Thomas
N, et al: Functional Th1-oriented T follicular helper cells that
infiltrate human breast cancer promote effective adaptive immunity.
J Clin Invest. 131:e1399052021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Fan X, Feng D, Wei D, Li A, Wei F, Deng S,
Shen M, Qin C, Yu Y and Liang L: Characterizing tertiary lymphoid
structures associated single-cell atlas in breast cancer patients.
Cancer Cell Int. 25:122025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21
|
De Silva P, Garaud S, Solinas C, de Wind
A, Van den Eyden G, Jose V, Gu-Trantien C, Migliori E, Boisson A,
Naveaux C, et al: FOXP1 negatively regulates tumor infiltrating
lymphocyte migration in human breast cancer. EBioMedicine.
39:226–238. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Wu SY, Zhang SW, Ma D, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Chen
L, Song XQ, Ma XY, Xu Y, Chai WJ, et al: CCL19+ dendritic cells
potentiate clinical benefit of anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy in
triple-negative breast cancer. Med. 4:373–393.e8. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23
|
Lee H, Lee HJ, Song IH, Bang WS, Heo SH,
Gong G and Park IA: CD11c-Positive dendritic cells in
Triple-negative breast cancer. In Vivo. 32:1561–1569. 2018.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Barb AC, Pasca Fenesan M, Pirtea M, Margan
MM, Tomescu L, Melnic E and Cimpean AM: Tertiary lymphoid
structures (TLSs) and stromal blood vessels have significant and
heterogeneous impact on recurrence, lymphovascular and perineural
invasion amongst breast cancer molecular subtypes. Cells.
12:11762023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25
|
Song IH, Heo SH, Bang WS, Park HS, Park
IA, Kim YA, Park SY, Roh J, Gong G and Lee HJ: Predictive value of
tertiary lymphoid structures assessed by high endothelial venule
counts in the neoadjuvant setting of triple-negative breast cancer.
Cancer Res Treat. 49:399–407. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26
|
Sawada J, Hiraoka N, Qi R, Jiang L,
Fournier-Goss AE, Yoshida M, Kawashima H and Komatsu M: Molecular
signature of tumor-associated high endothelial venules that can
predict breast cancer survival. Cancer Immunol Res. 10:468–481.
2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Yakushi A, Sugimoto M and Sasaki T:
Co-expression network and survival analysis of breast cancer
inflammation and immune system hallmark genes. Comput Biol Chem.
113:1082042024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Zhao YY, Fan Z, Tao BR, Du ZG and Shi ZF:
Density of tertiary lymphoid structures predicts clinical outcome
in breast cancer brain metastasis. J Immunother Cancer.
12:e0092322024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29
|
Jiang B, Wu Z, Zhang Y and Yang X:
Associations between tertiary lymphoid structure density, immune
checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in solid tumors: Systematic review
and meta-analysis. Front Immunol. 15:14148842024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Xu Y, Liu S, Ling X, Wang F and Qian J:
Prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in primary breast
cancer and their association with immune microenvironment. APMIS.
133:e701142025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31
|
Schettini F, Palleschi M, Mannozzi F,
Brasó-Maristany F, Cecconetto L, Galván P, Mariotti M, Ferrari A,
Scarpi E, Miserocchi A, et al: CDK4/6-Inhibitors versus
chemotherapy in advanced HR+/HER2-Negative breast cancer: Results
and correlative biomarker analyses of the KENDO randomized phase II
trial. Oncologist. 29:e622–e634. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32
|
Sofopoulos M, Fortis SP, Vaxevanis CK,
Sotiriadou NN, Arnogiannaki N, Ardavanis A, Vlachodimitropoulos D,
Perez SA and Baxevanis CN: The prognostic significance of
peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer. Cancer
Immunol Immunother. 68:1733–1745. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33
|
Lee HJ, Park IA, Song IH, Shin SJ, Kim JY,
Yu JH and Gong G: Tertiary lymphoid structures: Prognostic
significance and relationship with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes
in triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Pathol. 69:422–30. 2016.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Figenschau SL, Fismen S, Fenton KA, Fenton
C and Mortensen ES: Tertiary lymphoid structures are associated
with higher tumor grade in primary operable breast cancer patients.
BMC Cancer. 15:1012015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35
|
Garaud S, Buisseret L, Solinas C,
Gu-Trantien C, de Wind A, Van den Eynden G, Naveaux C, Lodewyckx
JN, Boisson A, Duvillier H, et al: Tumor infiltrating B-cells
signal functional humoral immune responses in breast cancer. JCI
Insight. 5:e1296412019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
36
|
Wang B, Liu J, Han Y, Deng Y, Li J and
Jiang Y: The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures provides new
insight into the clinicopathological features and prognosis of
patients with breast cancer. Front Immunol. 13:8681552022.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37
|
Liu X, Tsang JYS, Hlaing T, Hu J, Ni YB,
Chan SK, Cheung SY and Tse GM: Distinct tertiary lymphoid structure
associations and their prognostic relevance in HER2 positive and
negative breast cancers. Oncologist. 22:1316–1324. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
38
|
Shiao SL, Gouin KH III, Ing N, Ho A, Basho
R, Shah A, Mebane RH, Zitser D, Martinez A, Mevises NY, et al:
Single-cell and spatial profiling identify three response
trajectories to pembrolizumab and radiation therapy in triple
negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 42:70–84.e8. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
39
|
Lee HJ, Kim JY, Park IA, Song IH, Yu JH,
Ahn JH and Gong G: Prognostic significance of Tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes and the tertiary lymphoid structures in HER2-Positive
breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab. Am J Clin Pathol.
144:278–288. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
40
|
Bai X, Zhou Y, Yokota Y, Matsumoto Y, Zhai
B, Maarouf N, Hayashi H, Carlson R, Zhang S, Sousa A, et al:
Adaptive antitumor immune response stimulated by bio-nanoparticle
based vaccine and checkpoint blockade. J Exp Clin Cancer Res.
41:1322022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
41
|
Osorio JC, Knorr DA, Weitzenfeld P,
Blanchard L, Yao N, Baez M, Sevilla C, DiLillo M, Rahman J, Sharma
VP, et al: Fc-optimized CD40 agonistic antibody elicits tertiary
lymphoid structure formation and systemic antitumor immunity in
metastatic cancer. Cancer Cell. 43:1902–1916.e9. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
42
|
Ciavattone NG, Bevoor A, Farfel A, Rehman
A, Ho KKY, Rock EC, Chen YC, Luker KE, Humphries BA and Luker GD:
Inhibiting CXCR4 reduces immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells
in breast cancer immunotherapy. Sci Rep. 15:52042025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
43
|
Fang Q, Chen S, Chen X, Zou W, Chen D,
Huang Y and Wu C: Mature tertiary lymphoid structure associated
CD103+ CD8+ Trm cells determined improved anti-tumor immune in
breast cancer. Front Oncol. 15:14804612025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
44
|
Buisseret L, Garaud S, de Wind A, Van den
Eynden G, Boisson A, Solinas C, Gu-Trantien C, Naveaux C, Lodewyckx
JN, Duvillier H, et al: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte composition,
organization and PD-1/PD-L1 expression are linked in breast cancer.
Oncoimmunology. 6:e12574522016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
45
|
Zhang NN, Qu FJ, Liu H, Li ZJ, Zhang YC,
Han X, Zhu ZY and Lv Y: Prognostic impact of tertiary lymphoid
structures in breast cancer prognosis: A systematic review and
meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int. 21:5362021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
46
|
Lin Y, Yu Y, Wang Q, Huang K, Guo S, Zhang
J, He Y, Yu X, Zhang J, Meng F, et al: Machine learning model for
predicting tertiary lymphoid structures and treatment response in
triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ PrecisOncol. 9:2162025.
|
|
47
|
Wu SY, Jin X, Liu Y, Wang ZY, Zuo WJ, Ma
D, Xiao Y, Fu T, Xiao YL, Chen L, et al: Mobilizing
antigen-presenting mast cells in anti-PD-1-refractory
triple-negative breast cancer: A phase 2 trial. Nat Med.
31:2405–2415. 2025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
48
|
Liu J, Wang Y, Tian Z, Lin Y, Li H, Zhu Z,
Liu Q, Su S, Zeng Y, Jia W, et al: Multicenter phase II trial of
Camrelizumab combined with Apatinib and Eribulin in heavily
pretreated patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer.
Nat Commun. 13:30112022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
49
|
Yoshimitsu M, Nakamura M, Kano S, Magara
T, Kato H, Sakai A, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M and Morita A: CXCL13 and
CCL21 induce tertiary lymphoid structures and enhance the efficacy
of immunotherapy for melanoma. Cancer Sci. 116:2075–2085. 2025.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
50
|
Kagamu H: Immunotherapy for non-small cell
lung cancer. Respir Investig. 62:307–312. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
51
|
Wu Z, Zhou J, Xiao Y, Ming J, Zhou J, Dong
F, Zhou X, Xu Z, Zhao X, Lei P and Huang T: CD20+CD22+ADAM28+ B
cells in tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy
response. Front Immunol. 13:8655962022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
52
|
Bertucci F, Boudin L, Finetti P, Van
Berckelaer C, Van Dam P, Dirix L, Viens P, Gonçalves A, Ueno NT,
Van Laere S, et al: Immune landscape of inflammatory breast cancer
suggests vulnerability to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Oncoimmunology. 10:19297242021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
53
|
Solinas C, Garaud S, De Silva P, Boisson
A, Van den Eynden G, de Wind A, Risso P, Rodrigues Vitória J,
Richard F, Migliori E, et al: Immune checkpoint molecules on
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their association with tertiary
lymphoid structures in human breast cancer. Front Immunol.
8:14122017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
54
|
Acar E, Esendağlı G, Yazıcı O and Dursun
A: Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL), tertiary lymphoid
structures (TLS), and expression of PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3 on TIL in
invasive and in situ ductal breast carcinomas and their
relationship with prognostic factors. Clin Breast Cancer.
22:e901–e915. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
55
|
Lee HJ, Kim YA, Sim CK, Heo SH, Song IH,
Park HS, Park SY, Bang WS, Park IA, Lee M, et al: Expansion of
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their potential for application
as adoptive cell transfer therapy in human breast cancer.
Oncotarget. 8:113345–113359. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
56
|
Kim A, Heo SH, Kim YA, Gong G and Jin Lee
H: An examination of the local cellular immune response to examples
of both ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast and DCIS with
microinvasion, with emphasis on tertiary lymphoid structures and
tumor infiltrating lymphoctytes. Am J Clin Pathol. 146:137–144.
2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
57
|
Singh S, Lee N, Pedroza DA, Bado IL, Hamor
C, Zhang L, Aguirre S, Hu J, Shen Y, Xu Y, et al: Chemotherapy
coupled to macrophage inhibition induces T-cell and B-cell
infiltration and durable regression in Triple-negative breast
cancer. Cancer Res. 82:2281–2297. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
58
|
Zhao Y, Wang S, Lv S, Liu X, Li W, Song Y,
Rong D, Zheng P, Huang H and Zheng H: Combined oral low-dose
cyclophosphamide endocrine therapy may improve clinical response
among patients with metastatic breast cancer via Tregs in TLSs. Sci
Rep. 14:134322024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
59
|
Wei Z, Lin K, Deng W, Chen Y and Lu Y:
Tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with lower axillary
residual nodal burden in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant
chemotherapy. Eur J Med Res. 30:12632025. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
60
|
Hou X, Li X, Han Y, Xu H, Xie Y, Zhou T,
Xue T, Qian X, Li J, Wang HC, et al: Triple-negative breast cancer
survival prediction using artificial intelligence through
integrated analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures and tumor
budding. Cancer. 130:1499–1512. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
61
|
Briem O, Källberg E, Kimbung S, Veerla S,
Stenström J, Hatschek T, Hagerling C, Hedenfalk I and Leandersson
K: CD169+ macrophages in primary breast tumors associate with
tertiary lymphoid structures, tregs and a worse prognosis for
patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancers (Basel). 15:12622023.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
62
|
Pasca Fenesan MM, Cosma AA, Melnic E,
Cimpean AM, Cozma GV and Negru AG: Heterogeneity of the
Alpha-smooth muscle actin tumor score in breast cancer cells
significantly affects tumor invasiveness, recurrence, and patient
survival. Cureus. 16:e759082024.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
63
|
Thomas N, Garaud S, Langouo M, Sofronii D,
Boisson A, De Wind A, Duwel V, Craciun L, Larsimont D, Awada A and
Willard-Gallo K: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte scoring in
Neoadjuvant-treated breast cancer. Cancers (Basel). 16:28952024.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
64
|
Buisseret L, Desmedt C, Garaud S, Fornili
M, Wang X, Van den Eyden G, de Wind A, Duquenne S, Boisson A,
Naveaux C, et al: Reliability of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte and
tertiary lymphoid structure assessment in human breast cancer. Mod
Pathol. 30:1204–1212. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
65
|
Li C, Clauson R, Bugada LF, Ke F, He B, Yu
Z, Chen H, Jacobovitz B, Hu H, Chuikov P, et al: Antigen-clustered
nanovaccine achieves Long-term tumor remission by promoting B/CD 4
T cell crosstalk. ACS Nano. 18:9584–9604. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
66
|
Li K, Ji J, Li S, Yang M, Che Y, Xu Z,
Zhang Y, Wang M, Fang Z, Luo L, et al: Analysis of the correlation
and prognostic significance of tertiary lymphoid structures in
breast cancer: A Radiomics-clinical integration approach. J Magn
Reson Imaging. 59:1206–1217. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|