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Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer

  • Authors:
    • Huaiyong Li
    • Lili Liu
    • Qingzhu Yang
    • Yao Li
    • Yongli Song
    • Jing Jiang
    • Zhenzhong Wu
    • Weiwei Zhang
    • Baisong Lou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China, Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 222
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    Published online on: June 8, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13932
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Abstract

In the present study, the inhibitory effects of zedoary turmeric oil (ZTO) on non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were investigated using integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments. Treatment with 100 µg/ml ZTO in A549 cells and 50 µM ZTO in H1299 cells markedly reduced cell viability (assessed through an MTT assay), suppressed proliferation (assessed through colony formation/EdU assays) and increased apoptosis (assessed through flow cytometry). Network analysis identified 27 bioactive components (such as curcumadione and zedoradiol) and 96 shared targets with NSCLC. Core targets (including ESR1, EGFR, PIK3CA and PIK3CB) were found to be enriched in the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking demonstrated stable binding between the ZTO components and these targets. Furthermore, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting revealed that ZTO downregulated ESR1 and EGFR expression (P<0.05). These findings suggested that ZTO suppressed NSCLC progression by modulating the EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway, with its active components potentially targeting key oncogenic regulators. The present study therefore highlights the therapeutic potential of ZTO as a multi‑target agent against NSCLC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Inhibitory effect of ZTO on the
proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells. (A) MTT assay for
detecting the proliferation inhibition rate of A549 cells and H1299
cells by ZTO. (B) Clone formation assay. (C) EdU method for
detecting the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells and
H1299 cells. Compared with the control group. Scale bar, 100 µm
(original magnification, ×100). ***P<0.001. ZTO, zedoary
turmeric oil; Ctrl, control.

Figure 2

ZTO inhibits the migration of lung
cancer A549 and H1299 cells. (A) A scratch wound healing assay was
used to assess the migratory ability of A549 cells and H1299 cells.
Scale bar, 25 µm (original magnification, ×400). (B) A Transwell
migration assay was used to evaluate the migratory capacity of A549
cells and H1299 cells (purple indicates crystal violet staining).
Scale bar, 100 µm (original magnification, ×100). ***P<0.001
compared with the control group. ZTO, zedoary turmeric oil; Ctrl,
control.

Figure 3

ZTO induces apoptosis in human lung
cancer cells. (A) Effect of ZTO on the morphology of human lung
cancer A549 cells and H1299 cells. Scale bar, 10 µm (original
magnification, ×1,000) and 25 µm (original magnification, ×400).
(B) Effect of ZTO on apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells and
H1299 cells. ZTO, zedoary turmeric oil; Ctrl, control.
***P<0.001 compared with the control group.

Figure 4

Network pharmacology analysis of
intersection targets between ZTO and NSCLC. (A)
ZTO-NSCLC-compound-target network diagram. (B) Interaction
association of intersection targets between ZTO and NSCLC. (C)
Protein-protein interaction network diagram of intersection targets
between ZTO and NSCLC. ZTO, zedoary turmeric oil; NSCLC, non-small
cell lung cancer.

Figure 5

(A) Gene Ontology and (B) Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of
intersection targets of zedoary turmeric oil and non-small cell
lung cancer. BP, biological process; CC, cellular component; MF,
molecular function.

Figure 6

Molecular docking of active
ingredients and key targets of zedoary turmeric oil.

Figure 7

Effects of ZTO on the expression
levels of ESR1 and EGFR in human lung cancer A549 cells. (A) Effect
of ZTO on ESR1 and EGFR mRNA expression in lung cancer A549 cells.
(B) Effect of ZTO on ESR1 and EGFR protein expression in lung
cancer A549 cells. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the
control group. ZTO, zedoary turmeric oil; Ctrl, control.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li H, Liu L, Yang Q, Li Y, Song Y, Jiang J, Wu Z, Zhang W and Lou B: Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 34: 222, 2026.
APA
Li, H., Liu, L., Yang, Q., Li, Y., Song, Y., Jiang, J. ... Lou, B. (2026). Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer. Molecular Medicine Reports, 34, 222. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13932
MLA
Li, H., Liu, L., Yang, Q., Li, Y., Song, Y., Jiang, J., Wu, Z., Zhang, W., Lou, B."Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer". Molecular Medicine Reports 34.2 (2026): 222.
Chicago
Li, H., Liu, L., Yang, Q., Li, Y., Song, Y., Jiang, J., Wu, Z., Zhang, W., Lou, B."Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer". Molecular Medicine Reports 34, no. 2 (2026): 222. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13932
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li H, Liu L, Yang Q, Li Y, Song Y, Jiang J, Wu Z, Zhang W and Lou B: Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 34: 222, 2026.
APA
Li, H., Liu, L., Yang, Q., Li, Y., Song, Y., Jiang, J. ... Lou, B. (2026). Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer. Molecular Medicine Reports, 34, 222. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13932
MLA
Li, H., Liu, L., Yang, Q., Li, Y., Song, Y., Jiang, J., Wu, Z., Zhang, W., Lou, B."Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer". Molecular Medicine Reports 34.2 (2026): 222.
Chicago
Li, H., Liu, L., Yang, Q., Li, Y., Song, Y., Jiang, J., Wu, Z., Zhang, W., Lou, B."Prediction of molecular targets for zedoary turmeric oil in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer". Molecular Medicine Reports 34, no. 2 (2026): 222. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13932
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