Spica Prunellae extract inhibits the proliferation of human colon carcinoma cells via the regulation of the cell cycle

Lin,Wei; Zheng,Liangpu; Zhuang,Qunchuan; Shen,Aling; Liu,Liya; Chen,Youqin; Sferra,Thomas  J.; Peng,Jun

doi:10.3892/ol.2013.1512

Spica Prunellae extract inhibits the proliferation of human colon carcinoma cells via the regulation of the cell cycle

Authors:
- Wei Lin
- Liangpu Zheng
- Qunchuan Zhuang
- Aling Shen
- Liya Liu
- Youqin Chen
- Thomas J. Sferra
- Jun Peng
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Published online on: August 5, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1512
Pages: 1123-1127

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Spica Prunellae has long been used as a significant component in numerous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas to clinically treat cancers. Previously, Spica Prunellae was shown to promote cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. To further elucidate the precise mechanism of its tumoricidal activity, the effect of the ethanol extract of Spica Prunellae (EESP) on the proliferation of human colon carcinoma HT‑29 cells was elucidated and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. The proliferation of HT‑29 cells was evaluated using 3‑(4, 5‑dimethyl‑thiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation analyses. The cell cycle was determined using fluorescence‑activated cell sorting (FACS) with propidium iodide (PI) staining. The mRNA and protein expression of cyclin‑dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D1 was examined using RT‑PCR and western blotting, respectively. EESP was observed to inhibit HT‑29 viability and survival in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. Furthermore, EESP treatment blocked G1/S cell cycle progression and reduced the expression of pro‑proliferative cyclin D1 and CDK4 at the transcriptional and translational levels. Altogether, these data suggest that the inhibition of cell proliferation via G1/S cell cycle arrest may be one of the mechanisms through which Spica Prunellae treats cancer.

View Figures

View References

1	Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
2	Markowitz SD and Bertagnolli MM: Molecular origins of cancer: Molecular basis of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 361:2449–2460. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Jiang WQ, Fu FF, Li YX, Wang WB, Wang HH, Jiang HP and Teng LS: Molecular biomarkers of colorectal cancer: prognostic and predictive tools for clinical practice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 13:663–675. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 100:57–70. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar
5	Lippman SM: The dilemma and promise of cancer chemoprevention. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 10:5232006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Longley DB, Allen WL and Johnston PG: Drug resistance, predictive markers and pharmacogenomics in colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1766:184–196. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
7	Gordaliza M: Natural products as leads to anticancer drugs. Clin Transl Oncol. 9:767–776. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Jia L: Cancer complementary and alternative medicine research at the US National Cancer Institute. Chin J Integr Med. 18:325–332. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
9	Carmady B and Smith CA: Use of Chinese medicine by cancer patients: a review of surveys. Chin Med. 9:222011. View Article : Google Scholar
10	Liu J, Li X, Liu J, Ma L, Li X and Fønnebø V: Traditional Chinese medicine in cancer care: a review of case reports published in Chinese literature. Forsch Komplementmed. 18:257–263. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Yang GY, Li X, Li XL, Wang L, Li J, Song X, Chen J, Guo Y, Sun X, Wang S, Zhang Z, Zhou X and Liu J: Traditional Chinese medicine in cancer care: a review of case series published in the chinese literature. Evid Based Complement Alternat. 2012:1–8. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
12	Newman DJ, Cragg GM and Snader KM: The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Nat Prod Rep. 17:215–234. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Taixiang W, Munro AJ and Guanjian L: Chinese medical herbs for chemotherapy side effects in colorectal cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (1): CD004540 View Article : Google Scholar
14	Zhang M, Liu X, Li J, He L and Tripathy D: Chinese medicinal herbs to treat the side-effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (2): CD004921 View Article : Google Scholar
15	Chinese Pharmacopeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China Chinese. Medical Science and Technology Press; Beijing: 263. 2010
16	Cao Z, Lin W, Huang Z, Chen X, Zhao J, Zheng L, Ye H, Liu Z, Liao L and Du J: Ethyl acetate extraction from a Chinese herbal formula, Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin, inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via induction of G0/G1 phase arrest in vivo and in vitro. Int J Oncol. 42:202–210. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
17	Cao Z, Lin W, Huang Z, Chen X, Zhao J, Zheng L, Ye H, Liu Z, Liao L and Du J: Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin, a Chinese herbal formula, inhibits tumor angiogenesis via downregulation of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 expression in vivo and in vitro. Oncol Rep. 29:1080–1086. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
18	Zheng LP, Chen YQ, Lin W, Zhuang QC, Chen XZ, Xu W, Liu XX, Peng J and Sferra TJ: Spica Prunellae extract promotes mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in a human colon carcinoma cell line. Afr J Phar Pharmacol. 5:327–335. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
19	Lin W, Zheng LP, Zhao JY, Zhuang QC, Hong ZF, Xu W, Chen YQ, Sferra TJ and Peng J: Anti-angiogenic effect of Spica Prunellae extract in vivo and in vitro. Afr J Phar Pharmacol. 24:2647–2654. 2011.
20	Evan GI and Vousden KH: Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer. Nature. 411:342–348. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Nurse P: Ordering S phase and M phase in the cell cycle. Cell. 79:547–550. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Morgan DO: Principles of CDK regulation. Nature. 374:131–134. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Chen Y, Robles AI, Martinez LA, Liu F, Gimenez-Conti IB and Conti CJ: Expression of G1 cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in androgen-induced prostate proliferation in castrated rats. Cell Growth Differ. 7:1571–1578. 1996.PubMed/NCBI
24	Graña X and Reddy EP: Cell cycle control in mammalian cells: role of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), growth suppressor genes and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs). Oncogene. 11:211–219. 1995.PubMed/NCBI
25	Zafonte BT, Hulit J, Amanatullah DF, Albanese C, Wang C, Rosen E, Reutens A, Sparano JA, Lisanti MP and Pestell RG: Cell-cycle dysregulation in breast cancer: breast cancer therapies targeting the cell cycle. Front Biosci. 5:D938–D961. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI