Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and prostate: Cytological analyses of four cases with emphasis on the usefulness of cytological examination

Yoshida,Keiko; Ishida,Mitsuaki; Kagotani,Akiko; Iwamoto,Nozomi; Iwai,Muneo; Okabe,Hidetoshi

doi:10.3892/ol.2013.1715

2014-February Volume 7 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

2014-February Volume 7 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Article

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and prostate: Cytological analyses of four cases with emphasis on the usefulness of cytological examination

Authors:
- Keiko Yoshida
- Mitsuaki Ishida
- Akiko Kagotani
- Nozomi Iwamoto
- Muneo Iwai
- Hidetoshi Okabe
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Division of Diagnostic Pathology and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520‑2192, Japan
Pages: 369-372
|
Published online on: November 29, 2013

https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1715
Expand metrics +

Abstract

The occurrence of small cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder and prostate is rare. Only a few reports on the cytological features of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in the urine specimen have been documented and, moreover, the urinary cytological features of prostate small cell carcinoma have been rarely reported. In this study, we analyzed the cytological features of four cases of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and prostate, and discussed the usefulness of cytological examination of urine specimen for this type of tumor. This study included two urinary bladder and two prostate small cell carcinoma cases. Analyses of the cytological features of these cases revealed the following: i) the background was mostly inflammatory and necrotic material was also occasionally observed; ii) numerous tumor cells were present in two cases, whereas only a few neoplastic cells were observed in the remaining cases; iii) the neoplastic cells were small in size, had scant cytoplasm and a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and were arranged in small clusters or occasionally as single cells; iv) the tumor cell clusters showed prominent nuclear moldings; and v) the nuclei of the neoplastic cells were round to oval in shape with finely granular chromatin containing inconspicuous nucleoli. The cytological features of small cell carcinoma in the urine specimen are characteristic. Therefore, careful observation of the urine specimen may lead to a correct diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and, moreover, cytodiagnosis of prostate small cell carcinoma may also be possible.

View Figures

View References

1	Zhao X and Flynn EA: Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A rare, aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 136:1451–1459. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Wang W and Epstein JI: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 95 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 32:65–71. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Acs G, Gupta PK and Baloch ZW: Cytomorphology of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary tract. Diagn Cytopathol. 23:92–96. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Yamaguchi T, Imamura Y, Shimamoto T, et al: Small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Two cases diagnosed by urinary cytology. Acta Cytol. 44:403–409. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Ali SZ, Reuter VE and Zakowski MF: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathologic study with emphasis on cytologic features. Cancer. 79:356–361. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	van Hoeven KH and Artymyshyn RL: Cytology of small cellcarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Diagn Cytopathol. 14:292–297. 1996.
7	Borghi L, Bianchini E and Altavilla G: Undifferentiated small-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: report of two cases with a primary urinary cytodiagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol. 13:61–65. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Rollins S and Schumann GB: Primary urinary cytodiagnosis of a bladder small-cell carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 7:79–82. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Nguyen-Ho P, Nguyen GK and Villanueva RR: Small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the prostate: report of a case with positive urine cytology. Diagn Cytopathol. 10:159–161. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Brown FM: Urine cytology. It is still the gold standard for screening? Urol Clin North Am. 27:25–37. 2000.
11	Zhu B, Rohan SM and Lin X: Urine cytomorphology of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 41:485–491. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Nicolas MM, Jagirdar JS, Arisco AM and Valente PT: Micropapillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: report of a case and review of its cytologic features. Diagn Cytopathol. 39:784–787. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Sakuma T, Furuta M, Mimura A, Tanigawa N, Takamizu R and Kawano K: Urine cytology of micropapillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Diagn Cytopathol. 39:852–856. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Cardillo M, Reuter VE and Lin O: Cytologic features of the nested variant of urothelial carcinoma. A study of seven cases. Cancer. 99:23–27. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Iwa N, Ito S, Takegaki Y, et al: Cytologic features of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report. Diagn Cytopathol. 41:536–541. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Arita N, Ishida M, Yoshida K, et al: Sarcomatoid variant of urothelial carcinoma: Cytological analysis of three cases. Oncol Lett. 5:49–52. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
17	Tyler KL and Selvaggi SM: Morphologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma on ThinPrep^® urinary cytology. Diagn Cytopathol. 39:101–104. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Varma VA, Fekete PS, Franks MJ and Walther MM: Cytologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma in urine: a clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study. Diagn Cytopathol. 4:300–305. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Mazzucchelli R, Morichetti D, Lopez-Beltran A, et al: Neuroendocrine tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs: clinical significance. BJU Int. 103:1464–1470. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Umemura K, Nakagawa G, Chikui K, et al: A useful treatment for patients with advanced mixed-type small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: A case report. Oncol Lett. 5:793–796. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and prostate: Cytological analyses of four cases with emphasis on the usefulness of cytological examination

This article is mentioned in:

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Related Articles