Hyperthyroidism with concurrent FMS‑like tyrosine kinase 3‑internal tandem duplication‑positive acute promyelocytic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature

Jiang,Yajian; Hu,Keyue; Xie,Wanzhuo; Zheng,Gaofeng; Sun,Jie; Zheng,Yanlong; Huang,He

doi:10.3892/ol.2013.1721

Hyperthyroidism with concurrent FMS‑like tyrosine kinase 3‑internal tandem duplication‑positive acute promyelocytic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature

Authors:
- Yajian Jiang
- Keyue Hu
- Wanzhuo Xie
- Gaofeng Zheng
- Jie Sun
- Yanlong Zheng
- He Huang
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Affiliations: Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China, Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
Published online on: November 29, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1721
Pages: 419-422

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Abstract

Neutropenia is a common side‑effect in hyperthyroid patients with long‑term use of antithyroid drugs. This may be caused by drug‑induced immune dysfunction or increased thyroxine hematologic toxicity, which usually returns to normal after medication is discontinued or the hyperthyroidism becomes well controlled. However, hyperthyroidism with pancytopenia is extremely rare. The current case report presents a hyperthyroid patient complicated with pancytopenia who had taken antithyroid drugs for 14 years. Bone marrow analysis revealed primary leuokocytes, indicating M3 acute leukemia. Genetic analysis revealed promyelocytic leukemia‑retinoic acid receptor α fusion and FMS‑like tyrosine kinase 3‑internal tandem duplication. The genetic abnormality was also associated with thyroid hormonal functions. After a standard anti-M3 regimen was administed, the patient achieved complete remission and maintained stable thyroid functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient with hyperthyroidism acquiring M3 leukemia harboring the FMS‑like tyrosine kinase 3‑internal tandem duplication.

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