Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
May-2014 Volume 7 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2014 Volume 7 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer

  • Authors:
    • Ping Jiang
    • Guoyu Yu
    • Yong Zhang
    • Yang Xiang
    • Zhu Zhu
    • Weiyang Feng
    • Wenhui Lee
    • Yun Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming,Yunnan 650032, P.R. China, Department of Biochemistry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1525-1531
    |
    Published online on: February 21, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.1904
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) plays a protective role in gastric mucosa and may be involved in the progression of gastric cancer, but the detailed functions and underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. The present study used a combination of clinical observations and molecular methods to investigate the correlation between abnormal expression of TFF2 and gastric cancer progression. TFF2 expression was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. TFF2 methylation levels were analyzed by genomic bisulfite sequencing method. The results showed that TFF2 mRNA and protein expression were decreased in gastric cancer tissues compared with the matched non‑cancerous mucosa, and the decreased level was associated with the differentiation and invasion of gastric cancer. Moreover, the average TFF2 methylation level of CpG sites in the promoter region was 70.4% in three gastric cancer tissues, while the level in associated non‑neoplastic tissues was 41.0%. Furthermore, the promoter hypermethylation of TFF2 was also found in gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and N87, and gene expression was significantly increased following treatment with a demethylating agent, 5‑Aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine. In conclusion, TFF2 expression was markedly decreased in gastric cancer and promoter hypermethylation was found to regulate the downregulation of TFF2. TFF2 has been suggested as a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Correa P: Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process - First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Res. 52:6735–6740. 1992.

2 

Sands BE and Podolsky DK: The trefoil peptide family. Annu Rev Physiol. 58:253–273. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Thim L: Trefoil peptides: from structure to function. Cell Mol Life Sci. 53:888–903. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Fox JG, Rogers AB, Whary MT, et al: Accelerated progression of gastritis to dysplasia in the pyloric antrum of TFF2 −/− C57BL6 x Sv129 Helicobacter pylori-infected mice. Am J Pathol. 171:1520–1528. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Fujimoto J, Yasui W, Tahara H and Tahara E, Kudo Y, Yokozaki H and Tahara E: DNA hypermethylation at the pS2 promoter region is associated with early stage of stomach carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 149:125–134. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Machado JC, Carneiro F, Ribeiro P, Blin N and Sobrinho-Simões M: pS2 protein expression in gastric carcinoma. An immunohistochemical and immunoradiometric study. Eur J Cancer. 32A:1585–1590. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Taupin D, Pedersen J, Familari M, Cook G, Yeomans N and Giraud AS: Augmented intestinal trefoil factor (TFF3) and loss of pS2 (TFF1) expression precedes metaplastic differentiation of gastric epithelium. Lab Invest. 81:397–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Taupin DR, Kinoshita K and Podolsky DK: Intestinal trefoil factor confers colonic epithelial resistance to apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:799–804. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Yamachika T, Werther JL, Bodian C, et al: Intestinal trefoil factor: a marker of poor prognosis in gastric carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 8:1092–1099. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Wong WM, Poulsom R and Wright NA: Trefoil peptides. Gut. 44:890–895. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Farrell JJ, Taupin D, Koh TJ, et al: TFF2/SP-deficient mice show decreased gastric proliferation, increased acid secretion, and increased susceptibility to NSAID injury. J Clin Invest. 109:193–204. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Dhar DK, Wang TC, Maruyama R, et al: Expression of cytoplasmic TFF2 is a marker of tumor metastasis and negative prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Lab Invest. 83:1343–1352. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kim H, Eun JW, Lee H, Nam SW, Rhee H, Koh KH and Kim KH: Gene expression changes in patient-matched gastric normal mucosa, adenomas, and carcinomas. Exp Mol Pathol. 90:201–209. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Hu GY, Yu BP, Dong WG, et al: Expression of TFF2 and Helicobacter pylori infection in carcinogenesis of gastric mucosa. World J Gastroenterol. 9:910–914. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Shi SQ, Cai JT and Yang JM: Expression of trefoil factors 1 and 2 in precancerous condition and gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 12:3119–3122. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Paoletti X, Oba K, Burzykowski T, et al: Benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 303:1729–1737. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhang Y, Yu G, Wang Y, et al: Activation of protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 by frog trefoil factor (TFF) 2 and PAR4 by human TFF2. Cell Mol Life Sci. 68:3771–3780. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Kononen J, Bubendorf L, Kallioniemi A, et al: Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens. Nat Med. 4:844–847. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Liu SB, He YY, Zhang Y, et al: A novel non-lens betagamma-crystallin and trefoil factor complex from amphibian skin and its functional implications. PLoS One. 3:e17702008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.

21 

Gratio V, Walker F, Lehy T, Laburthe M and Darmoul D: Aberrant expression of proteinase-activated receptor 4 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation through a persistent signaling that involves Src and ErbB-2 kinase. Int J Cancer. 124:1517–1525. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Moss SF, Lee JW, Sabo E, et al: Decreased expression of gastrokine 1 and the trefoil factor interacting protein TFIZ1/GKN2 in gastric cancer: influence of tumor histology and relationship to prognosis. Clin Cancer Res. 14:4161–4167. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Halldórsdóttir AM, Sigurdardóttrir M, Jónasson JG, et al: Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) associated with gastric cancer in Iceland. Dig Dis Sci. 48:431–441. 2003.

24 

Yamaguchi H, Goldenring JR, Kaminishi M and Lee JR: Identification of spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM) in remnant gastric cancer and surveillance postgastrectomy biopsies. Dig Dis Sci. 47:573–578. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Jones PA and Laird PW: Cancer epigenetics comes of age. Nat Genet. 21:163–167. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Peterson AJ, Menheniott TR, O’Connor L, et al: Helicobacter pylori infection promotes methylation and silencing of trefoil factor 2, leading to gastric tumor development in mice and humans. Gastroenterology. 139:2005–2017. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang P, Yu G, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Zhu Z, Feng W, Lee W and Zhang Y: Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 7: 1525-1531, 2014.
APA
Jiang, P., Yu, G., Zhang, Y., Xiang, Y., Zhu, Z., Feng, W. ... Zhang, Y. (2014). Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer. Oncology Letters, 7, 1525-1531. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.1904
MLA
Jiang, P., Yu, G., Zhang, Y., Xiang, Y., Zhu, Z., Feng, W., Lee, W., Zhang, Y."Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 7.5 (2014): 1525-1531.
Chicago
Jiang, P., Yu, G., Zhang, Y., Xiang, Y., Zhu, Z., Feng, W., Lee, W., Zhang, Y."Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 7, no. 5 (2014): 1525-1531. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.1904
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jiang P, Yu G, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Zhu Z, Feng W, Lee W and Zhang Y: Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 7: 1525-1531, 2014.
APA
Jiang, P., Yu, G., Zhang, Y., Xiang, Y., Zhu, Z., Feng, W. ... Zhang, Y. (2014). Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer. Oncology Letters, 7, 1525-1531. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.1904
MLA
Jiang, P., Yu, G., Zhang, Y., Xiang, Y., Zhu, Z., Feng, W., Lee, W., Zhang, Y."Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 7.5 (2014): 1525-1531.
Chicago
Jiang, P., Yu, G., Zhang, Y., Xiang, Y., Zhu, Z., Feng, W., Lee, W., Zhang, Y."Promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of trefoil factor 2 in human gastric cancer". Oncology Letters 7, no. 5 (2014): 1525-1531. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.1904
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team