Evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for hepatocellular carcinoma prior to and following stereotactic body radiation therapy using the CyberKnife® system: A preliminary report

Shiozawa,Kazue; Watanabe,Manabu; Ikehara,Takashi; Kobayashi,Kojiro; Ochi,Yuta; Suzuki,Yuta; Fuchinoue,Kazuhiro; Yoneda,Masataka; Kenmochi,Takeshi; Okubo,Yusuke; Mori,Takayuki; Makino,Hiroyuki; Tsukamoto,Nobuhiro; Igarashi,Yoshinori; Sumino,Yasukiyo

doi:10.3892/ol.2015.3874

January-2016 Volume 11 Issue 1

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January-2016 Volume 11 Issue 1

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Evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for hepatocellular carcinoma prior to and following stereotactic body radiation therapy using the CyberKnife® system: A preliminary report

Authors:
- Kazue Shiozawa
- Manabu Watanabe
- Takashi Ikehara
- Kojiro Kobayashi
- Yuta Ochi
- Yuta Suzuki
- Kazuhiro Fuchinoue
- Masataka Yoneda
- Takeshi Kenmochi
- Yusuke Okubo
- Takayuki Mori
- Hiroyuki Makino
- Nobuhiro Tsukamoto
- Yoshinori Igarashi
- Yasukiyo Sumino
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Medical Center, Omori Hospital, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan, Department of Radiology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230‑0012, Japan

Copyright: © Shiozawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
Pages: 208-212
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Published online on: November 5, 2015

https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3874
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Abstract

The CyberKnife® is expected to be a novel local treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, a long‑term follow‑up using dynamic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is required to determine the effect of treatment in a number of the affected patients. Therefore, there is a requirement to evaluate procedures for early determination of the effect of CyberKnife treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the hemodynamics of the tumors and the hepatic parenchyma surrounding the tumor prior to and following CyberKnife treatment for HCC. A total of 4 HCC patients were enrolled in this study. These patients underwent CyberKnife treatment and were evaluated by image analysis prior to and following treatment using contrast‑enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid. CEUS was performed prior to treatment, at 2 and 4 weeks post‑treatment, and every 4 weeks thereafter for as long as possible. The dynamics of the enhancement of the tumor and the hepatic parenchyma surrounding the tumor in the vascular phase, and the presence or absence of a hypoechoic area in the hepatic parenchyma surrounding the tumor in the post‑vascular phase were assessed. Results showed that: i) In the patient with earlier changes, hemodynamic changes were evident in the tumor at 4 weeks and in the hepatic parenchyma surrounding the tumor at 2 weeks post‑treatment, respectively; ii) the tumor showed hypoenhancement in all patients; and iii) with regard to findings in the hepatic parenchyma surrounding the tumor, strong hyperenhancement appeared in the vascular phase initially, followed by a hypoechoic area in the post‑vascular phase. Evaluation of the hemodynamics of tumors and hepatic parenchyma surrounding the tumor using CEUS with Sonazoid may be therapeutically applicable, as it is less invasive than dynamic computed tomography (CT) and provides an early evaluation of the effectiveness of CyberKnife treatment.

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for hepatocellular carcinoma prior to and following stereotactic body radiation therapy using the CyberKnife® system: A preliminary report

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