Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
May-2016 Volume 11 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2016 Volume 11 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis

  • Authors:
    • Jing Kuang
    • Mei Zhao
    • Huilian Li
    • Wei Dang
    • Wei Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China, Department of News Office, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China, Department of Healthcare, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Kuang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3009-3014
    |
    Published online on: March 21, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4358
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to identify the potential target genes and underlying molecular mechanisms involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by bioinformatics analysis. Microarray data of a Gene Expression Omnibus series GSE6631 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which was generated from paired samples of HNSCC and normal tissue from 22 patients, and was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the functions of the identified DEGs. Furthermore, the protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs was constructed using Cytoscape software. Between HNSCC and normal samples there was a difference in 419 DEGs, including 196 upregulated and 223 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in GO terms of cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and collagen metabolic process, while the downregulated DEGs were mainly associated with epidermis development and epidermal cell differentiation. The DEGs were enriched in pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion and drug metabolism. Fibronectin 1 (FN1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and matrix metallopeptidase‑9 (MMP‑9) were hub nodes in the PPI network. These results suggested that cell adhesion and drug metabolism may be associated with HNSCC development, and genes such as FN1, EGFR, COL4A1 and MMP‑9 may be potential therapeutic target genes in HNSCC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C and Parkin DM: Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 127:2893–2917. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Rothenberg SM and Ellisen LW: The molecular pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest. 122:1951–1957. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hasina R, Whipple ME, Martin LE, Kuo WP, Ohno-Machado L and Lingen MW: Angiogenic heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Biological and therapeutic implications. Lab Invest. 88:342–353. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Belcher R, Hayes K, Fedewa S and Chen AY: Current treatment of head and neck squamous cell cancer. J Surg Oncol. 110:551–574. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Colevas AD: Chemotherapy options for patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol. 24:2644–2652. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Leemans CR, Braakhuis BJ and Brakenhoff RH: The molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:9–22. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Nohata N, Sone Y, Hanazawa T, Fuse M, Kikkawa N, Yoshino H, Chiyomaru T, Kawakami K, Enokida H, Nakagawa M, et al: miR-1 as a tumor suppressive microRNA targeting TAGLN2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2:29–42. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Chaisaingmongkol J, Popanda O, Warta R, Dyckhoff G, Herpel E, Geiselhart L, Claus R, Lasitschka F, Campos B, Oakes CC, et al: Epigenetic screen of human DNA repair genes identifies aberrant promoter methylation of NEIL1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 31:5108–5116. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zhang L, Pan HY, Zhong LP, Wei KJ, Yang X, Li J, Shen GF and Zhang Z: Fos-related activator-1 is overexpressed in oralsquamous cell carcinoma and associated with tumor lymph node metastasis. J Oral Pathol Med. 39:470–476. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Pedrero JM, Carracedo DG, Pinto CM, Zapatero AH, Rodrigo JP, Nieto CS and Gonzalez MV: Frequent genetic and biochemical alterations of the PI3-K/AKT/PTEN pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 114:242–248. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Gallo O, Masini E, Bianchi B, Bruschini L, Paglierani M and Franchi A: Prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 pathway and angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 33:708–714. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Bancroft CC, Chen Z, Dong G, Sunwoo JB, Yeh N, Park C and Van Waes C: Coexpression of proangiogenic factors IL-8 and VEGF by human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma involves coactivation by MEK-MAPK and IKK-NF-kappaB signal pathways. Clin Cancer Res. 7:435–442. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kuriakose MA, Chen WT, He ZM, Sikora AG, Zhang P, Zhang ZY, Qiu WL, Hsu DF, McMunn-Coffran C, Brown SM, et al: Selection and validation of differentially expressed genes in head and neck cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci. 61:1372–1383. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Gautier L, Cope L, Bolstad BM and Irizarry RA: affy - analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip data at the probe level. Bioinformatics. 20:307–315. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Tusher VG, Tibshirani R and Chu G: Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:5116–5121. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, Botstein D, Butler H, Cherry JM, Davis AP, Dolinski K, Dwight SS, Eppig JT, et al: The Gene Ontology Consortium: Gene Ontology: Tool for the unification of biology. Nat Genet. 25:25–29. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Altermann E and Klaenhammer TR: PathwayVoyager: Pathway mapping using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. BMC Genomics. 6:602005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Huang DW, Sherman BT, Tan Q, Kir J, Liu D, Bryant D, Guo Y, Stephens R, Baseler MW, Lane HC and Lempicki RA: DAVID Bioinformatics Resources: Expanded annotation database and novel algorithms to better extract biology from large gene lists. Nucleic Acids Res. 35(Web Server issue): W169–W175. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Kuhn M, Simonovic M, Roth A, Minguez P, Doerks T, Stark M, Muller J, Bork P, et al: The STRING database in 2011: Functional interaction networks of proteins, globally integrated and scored. Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D561–D568. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Smoot ME, Ono K, Ruscheinski J, Wang PL and Ideker T: Cytoscape 2.8: New features for data integration and network visualization. Bioinformatics. 27:431–432. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Gumbiner BM: Cell adhesion: The molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Cell. 84:345–357. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Albelda SM and Buck CA: Integrins and other cell adhesion molecules. FASEB J. 4:2868–2880. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Wang F, Song G, Liu M, Li X and Tang H: miRNA-1 targets fibronectin 1 and suppresses the migration and invasion of the HEp2 laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell line. FEBS Lett. 585:3263–3269. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Goerner M, Seiwert TY and Sudhoff H: Molecular targeted therapies in head and neck cancer - an update of recent developments. Head Neck Oncol. 2:82010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kleinman HK, Martin GR and Fishman PH: Ganglioside inhibition of fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion to collagen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 76:3367–3371. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Pankov R and Yamada KM: Fibronectin at a glance. J Cell Sci. 115:3861–3863. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Soikkeli J, Podlasz P, Yin M, Nummela P, Jahkola T, Virolainen S, Krogerus L, Heikkilä P, von Smitten K, Saksela O and Hölttä E: Metastatic outgrowth encompasses COL-I, FN1, and POSTN up-regulation and assembly to fibrillar networks regulating cell adhesion, migration, and growth. Am J Pathol. 177:387–403. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Mao L, Hong WK and Papadimitrakopoulou VA: Focus on head and neck cancer. Cancer Cell. 5:311–316. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Erjala K, Sundvall M, Junttila TT, Zhang N, Savisalo M, Mali P, Kulmala J, Pulkkinen J, Grenman R and Elenius K: Signaling via ErbB2 and ErbB3 associates with resistance and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification with sensitivity to EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res. 12:4103–4111. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Herbst RS: Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 59(Suppl 2): S21–S26. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Rocha-Lima CM, Soares HP, Raez LE and Singal R: EGFR targeting of solid tumors. Cancer Control. 14:295–304. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Grandis Rubin J, Melhem MF, Gooding WE, Day R, Holst VA, Wagener MM, Drenning SD and Tweardy DJ: Levels of TGF-alpha and EGFR protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and patient survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 90:824–832. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Bei R, Budillon A, Masuelli L, Cereda V, Vitolo D, Di Gennaro E, Ripavecchia V, Palumbo C, Ionna F, Losito S, et al: Frequent overexpression of multiple ErbB receptors by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma contrasts with rare antibody immunity in patients. J Pathol. 204:317–325. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Tanaka K, Iyama K, Kitaoka M, Ninomiya Y, Oohashi T, Sado Y and Ono T: Differential expression of·alpha 1(IV), alpha 2(IV), alpha 5(IV) and·alpha 6(IV) collagen chains in the basement membrane of basal cell carcinoma. Histochem J. 29:563–570. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Bains RK, Kovacevic M, Plaster CA, Tarekegn A, Bekele E, Bradman NN and Thomas MG: Molecular diversity and population structure at the cytochrome P450 3A5 gene in Africa. BMC Genet. 14:342013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Olivieri EH, da Silva SD, Mendonça FF, Urata YN, Vidal DO, Faria MA, Nishimoto IN, Rainho CA, Kowalski LP and Rogatto SR: CYP1A2*1C, CYP2E1*5B, and GSTM1 polymorphisms are predictors of risk and poor outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol. 45:e73–e79. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Curran S and Murray GI: Matrix metalloproteinases: Molecular aspects of their roles in tumour invasion and metastasis. Eur J Cancer. 36:1621–1630. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Riedel F, Götte K, Schwalb J and Hörmann K: Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and −9 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 20:3045–3049. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Sinpitaksakul SN, Pimkhaokham A, Sanchavanakit N and Pavasant P: TGF-β1 induced MMP-9 expression in HNSCC cell lines via Smad/MLCK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 371:713–718. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Aggarwal S, Takada Y, Singh S, Myers JN and Aggarwal BB: Inhibition of growth and survival of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by curcumin via modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. Int J Cancer. 111:679–692. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kuang J, Zhao M, Li H, Dang W and Li W: Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 11: 3009-3014, 2016.
APA
Kuang, J., Zhao, M., Li, H., Dang, W., & Li, W. (2016). Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncology Letters, 11, 3009-3014. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4358
MLA
Kuang, J., Zhao, M., Li, H., Dang, W., Li, W."Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis". Oncology Letters 11.5 (2016): 3009-3014.
Chicago
Kuang, J., Zhao, M., Li, H., Dang, W., Li, W."Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis". Oncology Letters 11, no. 5 (2016): 3009-3014. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4358
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kuang J, Zhao M, Li H, Dang W and Li W: Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 11: 3009-3014, 2016.
APA
Kuang, J., Zhao, M., Li, H., Dang, W., & Li, W. (2016). Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncology Letters, 11, 3009-3014. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4358
MLA
Kuang, J., Zhao, M., Li, H., Dang, W., Li, W."Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis". Oncology Letters 11.5 (2016): 3009-3014.
Chicago
Kuang, J., Zhao, M., Li, H., Dang, W., Li, W."Identification of potential therapeutic target genes and mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis". Oncology Letters 11, no. 5 (2016): 3009-3014. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4358
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team