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Article

Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness

  • Authors:
    • Hisashi Takeuchi
    • Michio Tanaka
    • Ayako Tanaka
    • Akisa Tsunemi
    • Hidenobu Yamamoto
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo 150‑0013, Japan, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo 150‑0013, Japan
  • Pages: 3403-3408
    |
    Published online on: March 30, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4392
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Abstract

Tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) often assume an immunoregulatory M2 phenotype. Thus, the aim of the present study was to clarify the correlation of vascularity and TAMs, in particular the M2 phenotype in the stroma and tumor areas, with the clinical and pathological outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. The TAM counts and microvessel counts (MVCs) were determined immunohistochemically in 21 patients with bladder cancer. The number of infiltrating TAMs was measured using immunohistochemistry with anti‑cluster of differentiation (CD)68 and anti‑CD163 antibodies, to identify a macrophage lineage marker and an M2‑polarized‑specific cell surface receptor, respectively. CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages were evaluated in the stroma and tumor areas, and areas with a high density of infiltrating cell spots were counted. MVCs were determined using immunohistochemistry with anti‑CD34 antibodies. The results revealed that the higher ratio of CD163+/CD68+ macrophages in the stroma, tumor and total tumor tissues were correlated with a higher stage and grade (P<0.05). In addition, the low ratio of CD68+/CD34+ microvessels was correlated with a higher stage (P<0.05). There was also a positive correlation between TAMs and MVC (r2=0.25; P<0.05). These results suggest that the TAM polarized M2 phenotype affects microvessels, pathological outcome, tumor grade and invasiveness.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Takeuchi H, Tanaka M, Tanaka A, Tsunemi A and Yamamoto H: Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness. Oncol Lett 11: 3403-3408, 2016.
APA
Takeuchi, H., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, A., Tsunemi, A., & Yamamoto, H. (2016). Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness. Oncology Letters, 11, 3403-3408. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4392
MLA
Takeuchi, H., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, A., Tsunemi, A., Yamamoto, H."Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness". Oncology Letters 11.5 (2016): 3403-3408.
Chicago
Takeuchi, H., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, A., Tsunemi, A., Yamamoto, H."Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness". Oncology Letters 11, no. 5 (2016): 3403-3408. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4392
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Takeuchi H, Tanaka M, Tanaka A, Tsunemi A and Yamamoto H: Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness. Oncol Lett 11: 3403-3408, 2016.
APA
Takeuchi, H., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, A., Tsunemi, A., & Yamamoto, H. (2016). Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness. Oncology Letters, 11, 3403-3408. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4392
MLA
Takeuchi, H., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, A., Tsunemi, A., Yamamoto, H."Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness". Oncology Letters 11.5 (2016): 3403-3408.
Chicago
Takeuchi, H., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, A., Tsunemi, A., Yamamoto, H."Predominance of M2‑polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness". Oncology Letters 11, no. 5 (2016): 3403-3408. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4392
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