Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer

  • Authors:
    • Ho Kyoung Hwang
    • Hyoung‑Il Kim
    • Se Hoon Kim
    • Junjeong Choi
    • Chang Moo Kang
    • Kyung Sik Kim
    • Woo Jung Lee
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea, Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea, Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University College of Pharmacy, Incheon 406‑840, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Hwang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4477-4484
    |
    Published online on: October 13, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5252
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Among the subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (granzyme B+) have an antitumor effect, while regulatory T lymphocytes [forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+] suppress the antitumor immune response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible associations between TIL subsets and survival outcomes in patients with left‑sided pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). From January 2000 to December 2008, 30 patients who underwent curative distal pancreatectomy without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy due to left‑sided PDAC were enrolled in the present study. TIL subsets were enumerated by immunohistochemical staining for cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD4, CD8, Foxp3 and granzyme B in the intra‑tumoral areas of tissue blocks. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of the absolute counts and relative ratios of TIL subsets. In the univariate analysis, age, gender, tumor size, nodal stage, tumor differentiation and lymphovascular/perineural invasion were not significantly associated with survival outcome. However, low levels of preoperative cancer antigen (CA) 19‑9 were associated with a longer overall survival (OS), although the association was not significant (37 vs. 18 months; P=0.061). A high level of granzyme B+ was associated with enhanced disease‑free survival (DFS) (25 vs. 10 months; P=0.023), and a low Foxp3+/granzyme B+ ratio was associated with a favorable prognosis in terms of DFS (25 vs. 8 months; P=0.008) and OS (47 vs. 17 months; P=0.003). In the multivariate analysis, the ratio of Foxp3+/granzyme B+ was an independent prognostic factor for determining DFS [Exp(B), 3.060; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.259‑47.436; P=0.014] and OS [Exp(B), 3.580; 95% CI, 1.460‑8.780; P=0.005]. Among the clinicopathological factors, low levels of CA 19‑9 were significantly associated with a low Foxp3+/granzyme B+ ratio (P=0.016). The results of the present study suggested that a low Foxp3+/granzyme B+ ratio may be useful for predicting a good prognosis in surgically resected left-sided PDAC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Li D, Xie K, Wolff R and Abbruzzese JL: Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 363:1049–1057. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Hidalgo M: Pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 362:1605–1617. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Berger AC, Garcia M Jr, Hoffman JP, Regine WF, Abrams RA, Safran H, Konski A, Benson AB III, MacDonald J and Willett CG: Postresection CA 19–9 predicts overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with adjuvant chemoradiation: A prospective validation by RTOG 9704. J Clin Oncol. 26:5918–5922. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ferrone CR, Finkelstein DM, Thayer SP, Muzikansky A, Fernandez-delCastillo C and Warshaw AL: Perioperative CA19-9 levels can predict stage and survival in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 24:2897–2902. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Slidell MB, Chang DC, Cameron JL, Wolfgang C, Herman JM, Schulick RD, Choti MA and Pawlik TM: Impact of total lymph node count and lymph node ratio on staging and survival after pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A large, population-based analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 15:165–174. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Bates GJ, Fox SB, Han C, Leek RD, Garcia JF, Harris AL and Banham AH: Quantification of regulatory T cells enables the identification of high-risk breast cancer patients and those at risk of late relapse. J Clin Oncol. 24:5373–5380. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Cho Y, Miyamoto M, Kato K, Fukunaga A, Shichinohe T, Kawarada Y, Hida Y, Oshikiri T, Kurokawa T, Suzuoki M, et al: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells cooperate to improve prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 63:1555–1559. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Clemente CG, Mihm MC Jr, Bufalino R, Zurrida S, Collini P and Cascinelli N: Prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the vertical growth phase of primary cutaneous melanoma. Cancer. 77:1303–1310. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Fu J, Xu D, Liu Z, Shi M, Zhao P, Fu B, Zhang Z, Yang H, Zhang H, Zhou C, et al: Increased regulatory T cells correlate with CD8 T-cell impairment and poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Gastroenterology. 132:2328–2339. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Gao Q, Zhou J, Wang XY, Qiu SJ, Song K, Huang XW, Sun J, Shi YH, Li BZ, Xiao YS and Fan J: Infiltrating memory/senescent T cell ratio predicts extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 19:455–466. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Kim HI, Kim H, Cho HW, Kim SY, Song KJ, Hyung WJ, Park CG and Kim CB: The ratio of intra-tumoral regulatory T cells (Foxp3+)/helper T cells (CD4+) is a prognostic factor and associated with recurrence pattern in gastric cardia cancer. J Surg Oncol. 104:728–733. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Pagès F, Berger A, Camus M, Sanchez-Cabo F, Costes A, Molidor R, Mlecnik B, Kirilovsky A, Nilsson M, Damotte D, et al: Effector memory T cells, early metastasis and survival in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 353:2654–2666. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Petersen RP, Campa MJ, Sperlazza J, Conlon D, Joshi MB, Harpole DH Jr and Patz EF Jr: Tumor infiltrating Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells are associated with recurrence in pathologic stage I NSCLC patients. Cancer. 107:2866–2872. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Sinicrope FA, Rego RL, Ansell SM, Knutson KL, Foster NR and Sargent DJ: Intraepithelial effector (CD3+)/regulatory (FoxP3+) T-cell ratio predicts a clinical outcome of human colon carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 137:1270–1279. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhang L, Conejo-Garcia JR, Katsaros D, Gimotty PA, Massobrio M, Regnani G, Makrigiannakis A, Gray H, Schlienger K, Liebman MN, et al: Intratumoral T cells, recurrence, and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 348:203–213. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Balch CM, Riley LB, Bae YJ, Salmeron MA, Platsoucas CD, von Eschenbach A and Itoh K: Patterns of human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 120 human cancers. Arch Surg. 125:200–205. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Dunn GP, Old LJ and Schreiber RD: The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Immunity. 21:137–148. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Curiel TJ, Coukos G, Zou L, Alvarez X, Cheng P, Mottram P, Evdemon-Hogan M, Conejo-Garcia JR, Zhang L, Burow M, et al: Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nat Med. 10:942–949. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hori S, Nomura T and Sakaguchi S: Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3. Science. 299:1057–1061. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Sakihama T, Itoh M, Kuniyasu Y, Nomura T, Toda M and Takahashi T: Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells: Their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance. Immunol Rev. 182:18–32. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ademmer K, Ebert M, Muller-Ostermeyer F, Friess H, Büchler MW, Schubert W and Malfertheiner P: Effector T lymphocyte subsets in human pancreatic cancer: Detection of CD8+CD18+ cells and CD8+CD103+ cells by multi-epitope imaging. Clin Exp Immunol. 112:21–26. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Gao Q, Qiu SJ, Fan J, Zhou J, Wang XY, Xiao YS, Xu Y, Li YW and Tang ZY: Intratumoral balance of regulatory and cytotoxic T cells is associated with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection. J Clin Oncol. 25:2586–2593. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Gooden MJ, de Bock GH, Leffers N, Daemen T and Nijman HW: The prognostic influence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 105:93–103. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Ikemoto T, Yamaguchi T, Morine Y, Imura S, Soejima Y, Fujii M, Maekawa Y, Yasutomo K and Shimada M: Clinical roles of increased populations of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood from advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Pancreas. 33:386–390. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Fukunaga A, Miyamoto M, Cho Y, Murakami S, Kawarada Y, Oshikiri T, Kato K, Kurokawa T, Suzuoki M, Nakakubo Y, et al: CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes together with CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and dendritic cells improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreas. 28:e26–e31. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Nukaya I, Yasumoto M, Iwasaki T, Ideno M, Sette A, Celis E, Takesako K and Kato I: Identification of HLA-A24 epitope peptides of carcinoembryonic antigen which induce tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Int J Cancer. 80:92–97. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Duffour MT, Chaux P, Lurquin C, Cornelis G, Boon T and van der Bruggen P: A MAGE-A4 peptide presented by HLA-A2 is recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. 29:3329–3337. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Bleackley RC: A molecular view of cytotoxic T lymphocyte induced killing. Biochem Cell Biol. 83:747–751. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Wang RF: The role of MHC class II-restricted tumor antigens and CD4+ T cells in antitumor immunity. Trends Immunol. 22:269–276. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Marzo AL, Kinnear BF, Lake RA, Frelinger JJ, Collins EJ, Robinson BW and Scott B: Tumor-specific CD4+ T cells have a major ‘post-licensing’ role in CTL mediated anti-tumor immunity. J Immunol. 165:6047–6055. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Thornton AM and Shevach EM: CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. J Exp Med. 188:287–296. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Sakaguchi S: Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory t cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 22:531–562. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Hiraoka N, Onozato K, Kosuge T and Hirohashi S: Prevalence of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells increases during the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its premalignant lesions. Clin Cancer Res. 12:5423–5434. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Wachsmann MB, Pop LM and Vitetta ES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A review of immunologic aspects. J Investig Med. 60:643–663. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ino Y, Yamazaki-Itoh R, Shimada K, Iwasaki M, Kosuge T, Kanai Y and Hiraoka N: Immune cell infiltration as an indicator of the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer. 108:914–923. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Kobayashi N, Kubota K, Kato S, Watanabe S, Shimamura T, Kirikoshi H, Saito S, Ueda M, Endo I, Inayama Y, et al: FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and tumoral indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression predicts the carcinogenesis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Pancreatology. 10:631–640. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Liyanage UK, Moore TT, Joo HG, Tanaka Y, Herrmann V, Doherty G, Drebin JA, Strasberg SM, Eberlein TJ, Goedegebuure PS and Linehan DC: Prevalence of regulatory T cells is increased in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment of patients with pancreas or breast adenocarcinoma. J Immunol. 169:2756–2761. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Oshikiri T, Miyamoto M, Shichinohe T, Suzuoki M, Hiraoka K, Nakakubo Y, Shinohara T, Itoh T, Kondo S and Katoh H: Prognostic value of intratumoral CD8+ T lymphocyte in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma as essential immune response. J Surg Oncol. 84:224–228. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Schumacher K, Haensch W, Röefzaad C and Schlag PM: Prognostic significance of activated CD8(+) T cell infiltrations within esophageal carcinomas. Cancer Res. 61:3932–3936. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

40 

van Beek J, zur Hausen A, Snel SN, Berkhof J, Kranenbarg EK, van de Velde CJ, van den Brule AJ, Middeldorp JM, Meijer CJ and Bloemena E: Morphological evidence of an activated cytotoxic T-cell infiltrate in EBV-positive gastric carcinoma preventing lymph node metastases. Am J Surg Pathol. 30:59–65. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Grabenbauer GG, Lahmer G, Distel L and Niedobitek G: Tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells but not regulatory T cells predict outcome in anal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 12:3355–3360. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Abe M, Kondo S, Hirano S, Ambo Y, Tanaka E, Morikawa T, Okushiba S and Katoh H: Long-term survival after radical resection of advanced pancreatic cancer: A case report with special reference to CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Int J Gastrointest Cancer. 33:107–110. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hwang HK, Kim HI, Kim SH, Choi J, Kang CM, Kim KS and Lee WJ: Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 12: 4477-4484, 2016.
APA
Hwang, H.K., Kim, H., Kim, S.H., Choi, J., Kang, C.M., Kim, K.S., & Lee, W.J. (2016). Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer. Oncology Letters, 12, 4477-4484. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5252
MLA
Hwang, H. K., Kim, H., Kim, S. H., Choi, J., Kang, C. M., Kim, K. S., Lee, W. J."Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 4477-4484.
Chicago
Hwang, H. K., Kim, H., Kim, S. H., Choi, J., Kang, C. M., Kim, K. S., Lee, W. J."Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 4477-4484. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5252
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hwang HK, Kim HI, Kim SH, Choi J, Kang CM, Kim KS and Lee WJ: Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 12: 4477-4484, 2016.
APA
Hwang, H.K., Kim, H., Kim, S.H., Choi, J., Kang, C.M., Kim, K.S., & Lee, W.J. (2016). Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer. Oncology Letters, 12, 4477-4484. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5252
MLA
Hwang, H. K., Kim, H., Kim, S. H., Choi, J., Kang, C. M., Kim, K. S., Lee, W. J."Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 4477-4484.
Chicago
Hwang, H. K., Kim, H., Kim, S. H., Choi, J., Kang, C. M., Kim, K. S., Lee, W. J."Prognostic impact of the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T‑cell (Foxp3+)/activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (granzyme B+) ratio on resected left‑sided pancreatic cancer". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 4477-4484. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5252
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team