Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy

  • Authors:
    • Huan Wang
    • Dandan Li
    • Xiaomao Li
    • Xueling Ou
    • Suiling Liu
    • Yu Zhang
    • Jie Ding
    • Bo Xie
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510089, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510089, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5029-5035
    |
    Published online on: November 2, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5338
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, RAD001, on the growth of human endometrial cancer cells. The effects of RAD001 on human endometrial cancer Ishikawa and HEC-1A cell proliferation were determined by MTT assay. Green fluorescent protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3α (GFP-LC3) protein aggregates were observed under a confocal microscope, and Ishikawa and HEC‑1A cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The expression levels of LC3‑I, LC3-II and mTOR proteins were detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that RAD001 effectively inhibited human endometrial cancer Ishikawa and HEC‑1A cell proliferation via downregulation of AKT/mTOR phosphorylation. Moreover, RAD001 induced autophagic cell death and a higher sensitivity to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that RAD001 could have therapeutic potential in human endometrial cancer with hyperactivated AKT/mTOR signaling.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J and Ward E: Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 60:277–300. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 62:10–29. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sankaranarayanan R and Ferlay J: Worldwide burden of gynaecological cancer: The size of the problem. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 20:207–225. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Boya P, González-Polo RA, Casares N, Perfettini JL, Dessen P, Larochette N, Métivier D, Meley D, Souquere S, Yoshimori T, et al: Inhibition of macroautophagy triggers apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 25:1025–1040. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Qi XF, Kim DH, Lee KJ, Kim CS, Song SB, Cai DQ and Kim SK: Autophagy contributes to apoptosis in A20 and EL4 lymphoma cells treated with fluvastatin. Cancer Cell Int. 13:1112013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Kondo Y, Kanzawa T, Sawaya R and Kondo S: The role of autophagy in cancer development and response to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 5:726–734. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Mathew R, Karantza-Wadsworth V and White E: Role of autophagy in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 7:961–967. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Jung CH, Ro SH, Cao J, Otto NM and Kim DH: mTOR regulation of autophagy. FEBS Lett. 584:1287–1295. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Ganley IG, Lam du H, Wang J, Ding X, Chen S and Jiang X: ULK1 ATG13. FIP200 complex mediates mTOR signaling and is essential for autophagy. J Biol Chem. 284:12297–12305. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Guertin DA and Sabatini DM: Defining the role of mTOR in cancer. Cancer Cell. 12:9–22. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Hippert MM, O'Toole PS and Thorburn A: Autophagy in cancer: Good, bad, or both? Cancer Res. 66:9349–9351. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lévy A, Sauvin LA, Massard C and Soria JC: Everolimus (RAD001) and solid tumours: A 2008 summary. Bull Cancer. 95:1205–1211. 2008.(In French). PubMed/NCBI

13 

Agarwala SS and Case S: Everolimus (RAD001) in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: A review. Oncologist. 15:236–245. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Beuvink I, Boulay A, Fumagalli S, Zilbermann F, Ruetz S, O'Reilly T, Natt F, Hall J, Lane HA and Thomas G: The mTOR inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes tumor cells to DNA-damaged induced apoptosis through inhibition of p21 translation. Cell. 120:747–759. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Weigelt B and Downward J: Genomic determinants of PI3K pathway inhibitor response in cancer. Front Oncol. 2:1092012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Dengler J, von Bubnoff N, Decker T, Peschel C and Duyster J: Combination of imatinib with rapamycin or RAD001 acts synergistically only in Bcr-Abl-positive cells with moderate resistance to imatinib. Leukemia. 19:1835–1838. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Cao C, Subhawong T, Albert JM, Kim KW, Geng L, Sekhar KR, Gi YJ and Lu B: Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin or apoptotic pathway induces autophagy and radiosensitizes PTEN null prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 66:10040–10047. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Shinohara ET, Cao C, Niermann K, Mu Y, Zeng F, Hallahan DE and Lu B: Enhanced radiation damage of tumor vasculature by mTOR inhibitors. Oncogene. 24:5414–5422. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Haritunians T, Mori A, O'Kelly J, Luong QT, Giles FJ and Koeffler HP: Antiproliferative activity of RAD001 (everolimus) as a single agent and combined with other agents in mantle cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 21:333–339. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Panner A, Parsa AT and Pieper RO: Use of APO2L/TRAIL with mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 6:1313–1322. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Mayer IA, Burris H, Bendel J, Means-Powell J, Arteaga C, Shyr Y and Pietenpol J: A phase Ib trial of RAD001, an mTOR inhibitor, with weekly cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Abstract 3093. 32nd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. San Antonio, TX. December 9–13, 2009;

22 

Mason RL, Gunst RF and Hess JJ: Statistical Design and Analysis of ExperimentsWith Applications to Engineering and Science. 2nd. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; Hoboken, NJ: 2003

23 

Tanida I, Ueno T and Kominami E: LC3 and autophagy. Methods Mol Biol. 445:77–88. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Sever R and Brugge JS: Signal transduction in cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 5:a0060982015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kolch W, Halasz M, Granovskaya M and Kholodenko BN: The dynamic control of signal transduction networks in cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer. 15:515–527. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ranjan A, Fofaria NM, Kim SH and Srivastava SK: Modulation of signal transduction pathways by natural compounds in cancer. Chin J Nat Med. 13:730–742. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Zhou HY and Huang SL: Current development of the second generation of mTOR inhibitors as anticancer agents. Chin J Cancer. 31:8–18. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tan HK, Moad AI and Tan ML: The mTOR signalling pathway in cancer and the potential mTOR inhibitory activities of natural phytochemicals. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15:6463–6475. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ozols RF: Paclitaxel (Taxol)/carboplatin combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Semin Oncol 27 (Suppl 7). 3–7. 2000.

30 

Okamoto I, Moriyama E, Fujii S, Kishi H, Nomura M, Goto E, Kiyofuji C, Imamura F, Mori T and Matsumoto M: Phase II study of carboplatin-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 35:188–194. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Pentheroudakis G, Razis E, Athanassiadis A, Pavlidis N and Fountzilas G: Paclitaxel-carboplatin combination chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer: Accumulating evidence for synergy, efficacy, and safety. Med Oncol. 23:147–160. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Yardley DA, Brufsky A, Coleman RE, Conte PF, Cortes J, Glück S, Nabholtz JM, O'Shaughnessy J, Beck RM, Ko A, et al: Phase II/III weekly nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine or carboplatin versus gemcitabine/carboplatin as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (the tnAcity study): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 16:5752015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Yamazaki S, Sekine I and Saijo N: Paclitaxel (taxol): A review of its antitumor activity and toxicity in clinical studies. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 25:605–615. 1998.(In Japanese). PubMed/NCBI

34 

Liu H, Chen X, Sun J, Gao P, Song Y, Zhang N, Lu X, Xu H and Wang Z: The efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel plus S-1 compared with paclitaxel plus 5-FU for advanced gastric cancer: A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 93:e1642014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Dufour M, Dormond-Meuwly A, Demartines N and Dormond O: Targeting the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Cancer Therapy: Lessons from Past and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel). 3:2478–2500. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Mizushima N: Autophagy: Process and function. Genes Dev. 21:2861–2873. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Berry DL and Baehrecke EH: Autophagy functions in programmed cell death. Autophagy. 4:359–360. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Alonso S, Pethe K, Russell DG and Purdy GE: Lysosomal killing of Mycobacterium mediated by ubiquitin-derived peptides is enhanced by autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:6031–6036. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Lum JJ, Bauer DE, Kong M, Harris MH, Li C, Lindsten T and Thompson CB: Growth factor regulation of autophagy and cell survival in the absence of apoptosis. Cell. 120:237–248. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Park HJ, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Han J, Bae J, Kim SJ, Park CG and Chun T: IL-10 inhibits the starvation induced autophagy in macrophages via class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Mol Immunol. 48:720–727. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Pattingre S, Tassa A, Qu X, Garuti R, Liang XH, Mizushima N, Packer M, Schneider MD and Levine B: Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Cell. 122:927–939. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Li D, Li X, Ou X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Ding J and Xie B: Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy. Oncol Lett 12: 5029-5035, 2016.
APA
Wang, H., Li, D., Li, X., Ou, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y. ... Xie, B. (2016). Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy. Oncology Letters, 12, 5029-5035. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5338
MLA
Wang, H., Li, D., Li, X., Ou, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Ding, J., Xie, B."Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 5029-5035.
Chicago
Wang, H., Li, D., Li, X., Ou, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Ding, J., Xie, B."Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 5029-5035. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5338
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang H, Li D, Li X, Ou X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Ding J and Xie B: Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy. Oncol Lett 12: 5029-5035, 2016.
APA
Wang, H., Li, D., Li, X., Ou, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y. ... Xie, B. (2016). Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy. Oncology Letters, 12, 5029-5035. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5338
MLA
Wang, H., Li, D., Li, X., Ou, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Ding, J., Xie, B."Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 5029-5035.
Chicago
Wang, H., Li, D., Li, X., Ou, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Ding, J., Xie, B."Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 5029-5035. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5338
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team