Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail

  • Authors:
    • Shuo Fang
    • Ling Yu
    • Hongjun Mei
    • Jian Yang
    • Tian Gao
    • Anyuan Cheng
    • Weichun Guo
    • Kezhou Xia
    • Gaiwei Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China, Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan No. 5 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Fang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5007-5014
    |
    Published online on: November 2, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5342
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

More than 30% of patients with osteosarcoma succumb to pulmonary metastases. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process by which tumor cells gain an increased capacity for invasiveness and metastasis. A previous study confirmed the phenomenon of EMT in osteosarcoma, a mesenchymal‑derived tumor. However, whether chemotherapy affects EMT remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the osteosarcoma cells were exposed to a sublethal dose of cisplatin, and any surviving cells were assumed to be more resistant to cisplatin. In addition, these cells exhibited a more mesenchymal phenotype. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the cisplatin treated cells had an increased long/short axis ratio and increased expression of N‑cadherin compared with control cells. A panel of EMT-associated genes was subsequently assessed by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, and they were observed to be significantly upregulated in the cisplatin treated cells. The in vitro wound healing and Transwell assay indicated that the cisplatin treated cells were more prone to migrate and invade. An in vivo assay showed that the cisplatin‑treated xenograft had increased expression of EMT‑associated genes, and exhibited increased pulmonary lesions compared with the control, which indicated an elevated capacity to metastasize. The expression of Snail was knocked down by specific small interfering RNA, and it was observed that Snail inhibition promoted cisplatin sensitivity, and cisplatin‑induced EMT was significantly blocked. Taken together, the results of the present study supported that idea that Snail participates in cisplatin‑induced EMT in osteosarcoma cells, and targeting EMT-transcription factors may offer promise for the therapeutics of osteosarcoma.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Ottaviani G and Jaffe N: The epidemiology of osteosarcoma. Cancer Treat Res. 152:3–13. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Mirabello L, Troisi RJ and Savage SA: Osteosarcoma incidence and survival rates from 1973 to 2004: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer. 115:1531–1543. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Clark JC, Dass CR and Choong PF: A review of clinical and molecular prognostic factors in osteosarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 134:281–297. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Chen Y, Han F, Cao LH, Li C, Wang JW, Li Q, Zheng W, Guo ZX, Li AH and Zhou JH: Dose-response relationship in cisplatin-treated breast cancer xenografts monitored with dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound. BMC Cancer. 15:1362015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Shahmabadi H Ebrahimi, Movahedi F, Esfahani M Koohi Moftakhari, Alavi SE, Eslamifar A, Anaraki G Mohammadi and Akbarzadeh A: Efficacy of Cisplatin-loaded polybutyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles on the glioblastoma. Tumour Biol. 35:4799–4806. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Pirker R: Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 3:305–310. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hjelle LV, Gundersen PO, Oldenburg J, Brydøy M, Tandstad T, Wilsgaard T, Fosså SD, Bremnes RM and Haugnes HS: Long-term platinum retention after platinum-based chemotherapy in testicular cancer survivors: A 20-year follow-up study. Anticancer Res. 35:1619–1625. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Woźniak K and Błasiak J: Recognition and repair of DNA-cisplatin adducts. Acta Biochim Pol. 49:583–596. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Haddox CL, Han G, Anijar L, Binitie O, Letson GD, Bui MM and Reed DR: Osteosarcoma in pediatric patients and young adults: A single institution retrospective review of presentation, therapy and outcome. Sarcoma. 2014:4025092014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Jeanes A, Gottardi CJ and Yap AS: Cadherins and cancer: How does cadherin dysfunction promote tumor progression? Oncogene. 27:6920–6929. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Han SP and Yap AS: The cytoskeleton and classical cadherin adhesions. Subcell Biochem. 60:111–135. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Azmi AS: Unveiling the role of nuclear transport in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 13:906–914. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Patel IS, Madan P, Getsios S, Bertrand MA and MacCalman CD: Cadherin switching in ovarian cancer progression. Int J Cancer. 106:172–177. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lim J and Thiery JP: Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions: Insights from development. Development. 139:3471–3486. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Yu L, Liu S, Guo W, Zhang C, Zhang B, Yan H and Wu Z: hTERT promoter activity identifies osteosarcoma cells with increased EMT characteristics. Oncol Lett. 7:239–244. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Livak and Schmittgen, . Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCt method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wang Y, Shi J, Chai K, Ying X and Zhou BP: The Role of Snail in EMT and Tumorigenesis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 13:963–972. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Bruheim S, Xi Y, Ju J and Fodstad O: Gene expression profiles classify human osteosarcoma xenografts according to sensitivity to doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide. Clin Cancer Res. 15:7161–7169. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Zhou F, Liu H, Zhang X, Shen Y, Zheng D, Zhang A, Lai Y and Li H: Proline-rich protein 11 regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to promote breast cancer cell invasion. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:8692–8699. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Chen CH, Lin DS, Cheng CW, Lin CJ, Lo YK, Yen CC, Lee AY and Hsiao CD: Cdc6 cooperates with c-Myc to promote genome instability and epithelial to mesenchymal transition EMT in zebrafish. Oncotarget. 5:6300–6311. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Grelet S, Andries V, Polette M, Gilles C, Staes K, Martin AP, Kileztky C, Terryn C, Dalstein V, Cheng CW, et al: The human NANOS3 gene contributes to lung tumour invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Pathol. 237:25–37. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Barrallo-Gimeno A and Nieto MA: The Snail genes as inducers of cell movement and survival: Implications in development and cancer. Development. 132:3151–3161. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Peinado H, Olmeda D and Cano A: Snail, Zeb and bHLH factors in tumour progression: An alliance against the epithelial phenotype? Nat Rev Cancer. 7:415–428. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kim YS, Yi BR, Kim NH and Choi KC: Role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its effects on embryonic stem cells. Exp Mol Med. 46:e1082014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kaufhold S and Bonavida B: Central role of Snail1 in the regulation of EMT and resistance in cancer: A target for therapeutic intervention. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 33:622014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Hsu DS, Lan HY, Huang CH, Tai SK, Chang SY, Tsai TL, Chang CC, Tzeng CH, Wu KJ, Kao JY and Yang MH: Regulation of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 by Snail contributes to cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 16:4561–4571. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Zhang W, Feng M, Zheng G, Chen Y, Wang X, Pen B, Yin J, Yu Y and He Z: Chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition via up-regulation of Snail in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 417:679–685. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kudo-Saito C, Shirako H, Takeuchi T and Kawakami Y: Cancer metastasis is accelerated through immunosuppression during Snail-induced EMT of cancer cells. Cancer Cell. 15:195–206. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gupta PB, Chaffer CL and Weinberg RA: Cancer stem cells: Mirage or reality? Nat Med. 15:1010–1012. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ and Clarke MF: Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:3983–3988. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Mani SA, Guo W, Liao MJ, Eaton EN, Ayyanan A, Zhou AY, Brooks M, Reinhard F, Zhang CC, Shipitsin M, et al: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell. 133:704–715. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Takahashi K and Yamanaka S: Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell. 126:663–676. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Moon JH, Yun W, Kim J, Hyeon S, Kang PJ, Park G, Kim A, Oh S, Whang KY, Kim DW, et al: Reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells with Nanog. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 431:444–449. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Wang H, Zhang G, Zhang H, Zhang F, Zhou B, Ning F, Wang HS, Cai SH and Du J: Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype and cancer stem cell-like properties in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells through AKT/β-catenin/Snail signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 723:156–166. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Vega S, Morales AV, Ocaña OH, Valdés F, Fabregat I and Nieto MA: Snail blocks the cell cycle and confers resistance to cell death. Genes Dev. 18:1131–1143. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Vega MI, Baritaki S, Huerta-Yepez S, Martinez-Paniagua MA and Bonavida B: A potential mechanism of rituximab-induced inhibition of tumor growth through its sensitization to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-expressing host cytotoxic cells. Leuk Lymphoma. 52:108–121. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Baritaki S, Yeung K, Palladino M, Berenson J and Bonavida B: Pivotal roles of snail inhibition and RKIP induction by the proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 in tumor cell chemoimmunosensitization. Cancer Res. 69:8376–8385. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Shah P, Gau Y and Sabnis G: Histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells by reversing the repression of E-cadherin. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 143:99–111. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Miller CR, Oliver KE and Farley JH: MEK1/2 inhibitors in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Gynecol Oncol. 133:128–137. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, Montalto G, Cervello M, Libra M, Candido S, Malaponte G, et al: Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibitors: How mutations can result in therapy resistance and how to overcome resistance. Oncotarget. 3:1068–1111. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Bruheim S, Xi Y, Ju J and Fodstad O: Gene expression profiles classify human osteosarcoma xenografts according to sensitivity to doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide. Clin Cancer Res. 15:7161–7169. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Fang S, Yu L, Mei H, Yang J, Gao T, Cheng A, Guo W, Xia K and Liu G: Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail. Oncol Lett 12: 5007-5014, 2016.
APA
Fang, S., Yu, L., Mei, H., Yang, J., Gao, T., Cheng, A. ... Liu, G. (2016). Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail. Oncology Letters, 12, 5007-5014. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5342
MLA
Fang, S., Yu, L., Mei, H., Yang, J., Gao, T., Cheng, A., Guo, W., Xia, K., Liu, G."Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 5007-5014.
Chicago
Fang, S., Yu, L., Mei, H., Yang, J., Gao, T., Cheng, A., Guo, W., Xia, K., Liu, G."Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 5007-5014. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5342
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Fang S, Yu L, Mei H, Yang J, Gao T, Cheng A, Guo W, Xia K and Liu G: Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail. Oncol Lett 12: 5007-5014, 2016.
APA
Fang, S., Yu, L., Mei, H., Yang, J., Gao, T., Cheng, A. ... Liu, G. (2016). Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail. Oncology Letters, 12, 5007-5014. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5342
MLA
Fang, S., Yu, L., Mei, H., Yang, J., Gao, T., Cheng, A., Guo, W., Xia, K., Liu, G."Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 5007-5014.
Chicago
Fang, S., Yu, L., Mei, H., Yang, J., Gao, T., Cheng, A., Guo, W., Xia, K., Liu, G."Cisplatin promotes mesenchymal-like characteristics in osteosarcoma through Snail". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 5007-5014. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5342
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team