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Article

A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis)

  • Authors:
    • Yupeng Hong
    • Ziduo Li
    • Qi Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China, Australian and New Zealand Army Corps Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
  • Pages: 4891-4895
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    Published online on: November 7, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5358
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Abstract

Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in patients with malignancies; however, the mechanisms of tumor cell dissemination and metastasis formation are obscure. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are believed to be a critical step for distant metastasis and are associated with a poor patient prognosis. The precise processes of metastasis formation from CTCs are vague. In the present study, we hypothesize that two CTC cluster‑based mechanisms of tumor cell inoculation in ectopic organs may be viable: i) Formation of a micro‑cancer embolus due to interception of CTC clusters by small vessels; and ii) formation of micrometastasis in an extravasation‑dependent or ‑independent manner. Pathological evidence of micro‑cancer emboli is critical for the verifications of this hypothesis. If proved true, this hypothesis will provide a novel perspective for cancer metastasis and has valuable clinical implications.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hong Y, Li Z and Zhang Q: A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis). Oncol Lett 12: 4891-4895, 2016.
APA
Hong, Y., Li, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2016). A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis). Oncology Letters, 12, 4891-4895. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5358
MLA
Hong, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, Q."A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis)". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 4891-4895.
Chicago
Hong, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, Q."A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis)". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 4891-4895. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5358
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hong Y, Li Z and Zhang Q: A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis). Oncol Lett 12: 4891-4895, 2016.
APA
Hong, Y., Li, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2016). A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis). Oncology Letters, 12, 4891-4895. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5358
MLA
Hong, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, Q."A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis)". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 4891-4895.
Chicago
Hong, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, Q."A circulating tumor cell cluster-based model for tumor metastasis (Hypothesis)". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 4891-4895. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5358
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