Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2016 Volume 12 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Jian‑Jun Gu
    • Jian‑He Zhang
    • Hong‑Jie Chen
    • Shou‑Sen Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5015-5022
    |
    Published online on: November 9, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5371
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most malignant type of primary adult brain cancer. The most common phenotype associated with GBM is cellular invasion; however, the molecular mechanisms governing this process are poorly understood. Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin‑like protein 2 (TPX2) is a nuclear protein with roles in cellular proliferation and mitotic spindle assembly. TPX2 is overexpressed in various malignancies, including human malignant astrocytoma. Despite this finding, the exact role of TPX2 in human glioma is not well defined. The present study reports the elevated expression of TPX2 in a number of glioma cell lines. TPX2 overexpression promoted cellular proliferation, decreased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, and increased invasion of both U251 and U87 cells. Overexpression of TPX2 also significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT, decreased the expression of p21, and increased the expression of cyclin D1 and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)‑9. In both U251 and U87 cells, knockdown of TPX2 resulted in phenotypes that are in direct contrast to those observed following TPX2 overexpression. Specifically, TPX2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, inhibited invasion, decreased AKT phosphorylation, decreased the expression of MMP‑9 and cyclin D1, and increased p21 expression. The AKT inhibitor IV in large part phenocopied the effect of TPX2 knockdown. The present data suggest that TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via AKT signaling.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, et al: Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 352:987–996. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Wu DG, Wang YY, Fan LG, Luo H, Han B, Sun LH, Wang XF, Zhang JX, Cao L, Wang XR, et al: MicroRNA-7 regulates glioblastoma cell invasion via targeting focal adhesion kinase expression. Chin Med J (Engl). 124:2616–2621. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Heidebrecht HJ, Buck F, Steinmann J, Sprenger R, Wacker HH and Parwaresch R: p100: A novel proliferation-associated nuclear protein specifically restricted to cell cycle phases S, G2, and M. Blood. 90:226–233. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kufer TA, Silljé HH, Körner R, Gruss OJ, Meraldi P and Nigg EA: Human TPX2 is required for targeting Aurora-A kinase to the spindle. J Cell Biol. 158:617–623. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Gruss OJ, Wittmann M, Yokoyama H, Pepperkok R, Kufer T, Silljé H, Karsenti E, Mattaj IW and Vernos I: Chromosome-induced microtubule assembly mediated by TPX2 is required for spindle formation in HeLa cells. Nat Cell Biol. 4:871–879. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Li Y, Tang H, Sun Z, Bungum AO, Edell ES, Lingle WL, Stoddard SM, Zhang M, Jen J, Yang P and Wang L: Network-based approach identified cell cycle genes as predictor of overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Lung Cancer. 80:91–98. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Scotto L, Narayan G, Nandula SV, Arias-Pulido H, Subramaniyam S, Schneider A, Kaufmann AM, Wright JD, Pothuri B, Mansukhani M and Murty VV: Identification of copy number gain and overexpressed genes on chromosome arm 20q by an integrative genomic approach in cervical cancer: Potential role in progression. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 47:755–765. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Yan L, Li S, Xu C, Zhao X, Hao B, Li H and Qiao B: Target protein for Xklp2 (TPX2), a microtubule-related protein, contributes to malignant phenotype in bladder carcinoma. Tumour Biol. 34:4089–4100. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Li B, Qi XQ, Chen X, Huang X, Liu GY, Chen HR, Huang CG, Luo C and Lu YC: Expression of targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 is associated with progression of human malignant astrocytoma. Brain Res. 1352:200–207. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Gao J, Ding F, Liu Q and Yao Y: Knockdown of MACC1 expression suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion and inhibited expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Mol Cell Biochem. 376:21–32. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wang YH, Dong YY, Wang WM, Xie XY, Wang ZM, Chen RX, Chen J, Gao DM, Cui JF and Ren ZG: Vascular endothelial cells facilitated HCC invasion and metastasis through the Akt and NF-κB pathways induced by paracrine cytokines. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 32:512013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Liu Q, Yang P, Tu K, Zhang H, Zheng X, Yao Y and Liu Q: TPX2 knockdown suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion via inactivating AKT signaling and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Chin J Cancer Res. 26:410–417. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Vivanco I and Sawyers CL: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:489–501. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Clarke J, Butowski N and Chang S: Recent advances in therapy for glioblastoma. Arch Neurol. 67:279–283. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Liu R, Page M, Solheim K, Fox S and Chang SM: Quality of life in adults with brain tumors: Current knowledge and future directions. Neuro Oncol. 11:330–339. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Neumayer G, Belzil C, Gruss OJ and Nguyen MD: TPX2: Of spindle assembly, DNA damage response, and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci. 71:3027–3047. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Chang H, Wang J, Tian Y, Xu J, Gou X and Cheng J: The TPX2 gene is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for cervical cancer. Oncol Rep. 27:1353–1359. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Choe G, Horvath S, Cloughesy TF, Crosby K, Seligson D, Palotie A, Inge L, Smith BL, Sawyers CL and Mischel PS: Analysis of the phosphatidylinositol3′-kinase signaling pathway in glioma patients in vivo. Cancer Res. 63:2742–2746. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Haas-Kogan D, Shalev N, Wong M, Mills G, Yount G and Stokoe D: Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) activity is elevated in glioma cells due to mutation of the tumor suppressor PTEN/MMAC. Curr Biol. 8:1195–1198. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Robinson GL, Robinson JP, Lastwika KJ, Holmen SL and Vanbrocklin MW: Akt signaling accelerates tumor recurrence following ras inhibitionin the context of ink4a/arf loss. Genes Cancer. 4:476–485. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Diehl JA, Cheng M, Roussel MF and Sherr CJ: Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization. Genes Dev. 12:3499–3511. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Cross DA, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Andjelkovich M and Hemmings BA: Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B. Nature. 378:785–789. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lee J and Kim SS: The function of p27 KIP1 during tumor development. Exp Mol Med. 41:765–771. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Child ES and Mann DJ: The intricacies of p21 phosphorylation: Protein/protein interactions, subcellular localization and stability. Cell Cycle. 5:1313–1319. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Cawston TE and Wilson AJ: Understanding the role of tissue degrading enzymes and their inhibitors in development and disease. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 20:983–1002. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Fu Y, Zhang Q, Kang C, Zhang J, Zhang K, Pu P, Wang G and Wang T: Inhibitory effects of adenovirus mediated Akt1 and PIK3R1 shRNA on the growth of malignant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther. 8:1002–1009. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gu JJ, Zhang JH, Chen HJ and Wang SS: TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 12: 5015-5022, 2016.
APA
Gu, J., Zhang, J., Chen, H., & Wang, S. (2016). TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Oncology Letters, 12, 5015-5022. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5371
MLA
Gu, J., Zhang, J., Chen, H., Wang, S."TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 5015-5022.
Chicago
Gu, J., Zhang, J., Chen, H., Wang, S."TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 5015-5022. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5371
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gu JJ, Zhang JH, Chen HJ and Wang SS: TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 12: 5015-5022, 2016.
APA
Gu, J., Zhang, J., Chen, H., & Wang, S. (2016). TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Oncology Letters, 12, 5015-5022. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5371
MLA
Gu, J., Zhang, J., Chen, H., Wang, S."TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway". Oncology Letters 12.6 (2016): 5015-5022.
Chicago
Gu, J., Zhang, J., Chen, H., Wang, S."TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway". Oncology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 5015-5022. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5371
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team