TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway

Gu,Jian‑Jun; Zhang,Jian‑He; Chen,Hong‑Jie; Wang,Shou‑Sen

doi:10.3892/ol.2016.5371

TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via activation of the AKT signaling pathway

Authors:
- Jian‑Jun Gu
- Jian‑He Zhang
- Hong‑Jie Chen
- Shou‑Sen Wang
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Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
Published online on: November 9, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5371
Pages: 5015-5022
Copyright: © Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most malignant type of primary adult brain cancer. The most common phenotype associated with GBM is cellular invasion; however, the molecular mechanisms governing this process are poorly understood. Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin‑like protein 2 (TPX2) is a nuclear protein with roles in cellular proliferation and mitotic spindle assembly. TPX2 is overexpressed in various malignancies, including human malignant astrocytoma. Despite this finding, the exact role of TPX2 in human glioma is not well defined. The present study reports the elevated expression of TPX2 in a number of glioma cell lines. TPX2 overexpression promoted cellular proliferation, decreased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, and increased invasion of both U251 and U87 cells. Overexpression of TPX2 also significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT, decreased the expression of p21, and increased the expression of cyclin D1 and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)‑9. In both U251 and U87 cells, knockdown of TPX2 resulted in phenotypes that are in direct contrast to those observed following TPX2 overexpression. Specifically, TPX2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, inhibited invasion, decreased AKT phosphorylation, decreased the expression of MMP‑9 and cyclin D1, and increased p21 expression. The AKT inhibitor IV in large part phenocopied the effect of TPX2 knockdown. The present data suggest that TPX2 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion via AKT signaling.

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