Association between human papillomavirus and prostate cancer: A meta-analysis
- Authors:
- Binbin Yin
- Weiwei Liu
- Pan Yu
- Chunhua Liu
- Yue Chen
- Xiuzhi Duan
- Zhaoping Liao
- Yuhua Chen
- Xuchu Wang
- Xiaoyan Pan
- Zhihua Tao
-
Affiliations: Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China - Published online on: June 9, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6367
- Pages: 1855-1865
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:5–29. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D and Bray F: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 136:E359–E386. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hoffman RM: Clinical practice. Screening for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 365:2013–2019. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sutcliffe S, Nevin RL, Pakpahan R, Elliott DJ, Cole SR, De Marzo AM, Gaydos CA, Isaacs WB, Nelson WG, Sokoll LJ, et al: Prostate involvement during sexually transmitted infections as measured by prostate-specific antigen concentration. Br J Cancer. 105:602–605. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
de Villiers EM, Wagner D, Schneider A, Wesch H, Miklaw H, Wahrendorf J, Papendick U and zur Hausen H: Human papillomavirus infections in women with and without abnormal cervical cytology. Lancet. 2:703–706. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen AC, Waterboer T, Keleher A, Morrison B, Jindal S, McMillan D, Nicol D, Gardiner RA, McMillan NA and Antonsson A: Human papillomavirus in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma patients. Pathol Oncol Res. 17:613–617. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tommasino M: The human papillomavirus family and its role in carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol. 26:13–21. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Onon TS: History of human papillomavirus, warts and cancer: What do we know today? Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 25:565–574. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Videla S, Darwich L, Cañadas M, Clotet B and Sirera G: Incidence and clinical management of oral human papillomavirus infection in men: A series of key short messages. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 12:947–957. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McNicol PJ and Dodd JG: Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in prostate gland tissue by using the polymerase chain reaction amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol. 28:409–412. 1990.PubMed/NCBI | |
Ramezani A, Banifazl M, Eslamifar A and Aghakhani A: Association between human papillomavirus infection and risk of prostate cancer. Iranian J Pathol. 1:3–7. 2011. | |
Kuczyk M, Serth J, Machtens S and Jonas U: Detection of viral HPV 16 DNA in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by quantitative PCR-directed analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 3 Suppl 1:S232000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kuczyk M, Serth J, Machtens S and Jonas U: Detection viral HPV 16 DNA in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by quantitative PCR-directed analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 3 Suppl 1:S232000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McNicol PJ and Dodd JG: Detection of papillomavirus DNA in human prostatic tissue by Southern blot analysis. Can J Microbiol. 36:359–362. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Stang A: Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 25:603–605. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhou Q, Luo ML, Li H, Li M and Zhou JG: Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sci Rep. 5:134102015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Higgins JP and Thompson SG: Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 21:1539–1558. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
DerSimonian R and Kacker R: Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: An update. Contemp Clin Trials. 28:105–114. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mantel N and Haenszel W: Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 22:719–748. 1959.PubMed/NCBI | |
Begg CB and Mazumdar M: Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 50:1088–1101. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Egger M, Smith G Davey, Schneider M and Minder C: Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 315:629–634. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Serth J, Panitz F, Paeslack U, Kuczyk MA and Jonas U: Increased levels of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in a subset of prostate cancers. Cancer Res. 59:823–825. 1999.PubMed/NCBI | |
McNicol PJ and Dodd JG: High prevalence of human papillomavirus in prostate tissues. J Urol. 145:850–853. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Smelov V, Ouburg S, Pleijster J, Smelova N, Van Moorselaar RJA and Morre SA: Detection of Hr-Hpv Dna in the prostate of men with prostate cancer. Eur Urol Suppl. 8:2612009. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Balis V, Sourvinos G, Soulitzis N, Giannikaki E, SofraS F and Spandidos DA: Prevalence of BK virus and human papillomavirus in human prostate cancer. Int J Biol Marker. 22:245–251. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Saad F, Gu K, Jean-Baptiste J, Gauthier J and MesMasson AM: Absence of human papillomavirus sequences in early stage prostate cancer. Can J Urol. 6:834–838. 1999.PubMed/NCBI | |
Sarkar FH, Sakr WA, Li YW, Sreepathi P and Crissman JD: Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in human prostatic tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Prostate. 22:171–180. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Serfling U, Ciancio G, Zhu WY, Leonardi C and Penneys NS: Human papillomavirus and herpes virus DNA are not detected in benign and malignant prostatic tissue using the polymerase chain reaction. J Urol. 148:192–194. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Effert PJ, Frye RA, Neubauer A, Liu ET and Walther PJ: Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 are not involved in human prostate carcinogenesis: Analysis of archival human prostate cancer specimens by differential polymerase chain reaction. J Urol. 147:192–196. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tu H, Jacobs SC, Mergner WJ and Kyprianou N: Rare incidence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Urology. 44:726–731. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Martinez-Fierro ML, Leach RJ, Gomez-Guerra LS, Garza-Guajardo R, Johnson-Pais T, Beuten J, Morales-Rodriguez IB, Hernandez-Ordoñez MA, Calderon-Cardenas G, Ortiz-Lopez R, et al: Identification of viral infections in the prostate and evaluation of their association with cancer. BMC Cancer. 10:3262010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Silvestre RV, Leal MF, Demachki S, Nahum MC, Bernardes JG, Rabenhorst SH, Mde A Smith, Mello WA, Guimarães AC and Burbano RR: Low frequency of human papillomavirus detection in prostate tissue from individuals from Northern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 104:665–667. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sinclair AL, Nouri AM, Oliver RT, Sexton C and Dalgleish AG: Bladder and prostate cancer screening for human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction: Conflicting results using different annealing temperatures. Br J Biomed Sci. 50:350–354. 1993.PubMed/NCBI | |
Maitland NJ, Macintosh CA, Schmitz C and Lang SH: Immortalization of human prostate cells with the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 gene. Methods Mol Med. 88:275–285. 2004.PubMed/NCBI | |
Smelov V, Gorelov A, Pleijster J, Savicheva A, Pena S and Morre S: The relevance of HPV infection in men with chronic inflammation of the prostate. Eur Urol Suppl. 6:712007. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Terris MK and Peehl DM: Human papillomavirus detection by polymerase chain reaction in benign and malignant prostate tissue is dependent on the primer set utilized. Urology. 50:150–156. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Pascale M, Pracella D, Barbazza R, Marongiu B, Roggero E, Bonin S and Stanta G: Is human papillomavirus associated with prostate cancer survival? Dis Markers. 35:607–613. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Singh N, Hussain S, Kakkar N, Singh SK, Sobti RC and Bharadwaj M: Implication of high risk Human papillomavirus HR-HPV infection in prostate cancer in Indian population-A pioneering case-control analysis. Sci Rep. 5:78222015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Michopoulou V, Derdas SP, Symvoulakis E, Mourmouras N, Nomikos A, Delakas D, Sourvinos G and Spandidos DA: Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA prevalence and p53 codon 72 (Arg72Pro) polymorphism in prostate cancer in a Greek group of patients. Tumour Biol. 35:12765–12773. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ghasemian E, Monavari SH, Irajian GR, Nodoshan MR Jalali, Roudsari RV and Yahyapour Y: Evaluation of human papillomavirus infections in prostatic disease: A cross-sectional study in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14:3305–3308. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Whitaker NJ, Glenn WK, Sahrudin A, Orde MM, Delprado W and Lawson JS: Human papillomavirus and Epstein Barr virus in prostate cancer: Koilocytes indicate potential oncogenic influences of human papillomavirus in prostate cancer. Prostate. 73:236–241. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tachezy R, Hrbacek J, Heracek J, Salakova M, Smahelova J, Ludvikova V, Svec A, Urban M and Hamsikova E: HPV persistence and its oncogenic role in prostate tumors. J Med Virol. 84:1636–1645. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Salehi Z and Hadavi M: Analysis of the codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 and human papillomavirus infection in Iranian patients with prostate cancer. J Med Virol. 84:1423–1427. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Aghakhani A, Hamkar R, Parvin M, Ghavami N, Nadri M, Pakfetrat A, Banifazl M, Eslamifar A, Izadi N, Jam S and Ramezani A: The role of human papillomavirus infection in prostate carcinoma. Scand Int J Infect Dis. 43:64–69. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Gazzaz FS and Mosli HA: Lack of detection of human papillomavirus infection by hybridization test in prostatic biopsies. Saudi Med J. 30:633–637. 2009.PubMed/NCBI | |
Leiros GJ, Galliano SR, Sember ME, Kahn T, Schwarz E and Eiguchi K: Detection of human papillomavirus DNA and p53 codon 72 polymorphism in prostate carcinomas of patients from Argentina. BMC Urol. 5:152005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Carozzi F, Lombardi FC, Zendron P, Confortini M, Sani C, Bisanzi S, Pontenani G and Ciatto S: Association of human papillomavirus with prostate cancer: Analysis of a consecutive series of prostate biopsies. Int J Biol Marker. 19:257–261. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Noda T, Sasagawa T, Dong Y, Fuse H, Namiki M and Inoue M: Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in archival specimens of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer using a highly sensitive nested PCR method. Urol Res. 26:165–169. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Strickler HD, Burk R, Shah K, Viscidi R, Jackson A, Pizza G, Bertoni F, Schiller JT, Manns A, Metcalf R, et al: A multifaceted study of human papillomavirus and prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 82:1118–1125. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Anderson M, Handley J, Hopwood L, Murant S, Stower M and Maitland NJ: Analysis of prostate tissue DNA for the presence of human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and automated sequencing. J Med Virol. 52:8–13. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Suzuki H, Komiya A, Aida S, Ito H, Yatani R and Shimazaki J: Detection of human papillomavirus DNA and p53 gene mutations in human prostate cancer. Prostate. 28:318–324. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wideroff L, Schottenfeld D, Carey TE, Beals T, Fu G, Sakr W, Sarkar F, Schork A, Grossman HB and Shaw MW: Human papillomavirus DNA in malignant and hyperplastic prostate tissue of black and white males. Prostate. 28:117–123. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Moyret-Lalle C, Marcais C, Jacquemier J, Moles JP, Daver A, Soret JY, Jeanteur P, Ozturk M and Theillet C: ras, p53 and HPV status in benign and malignant prostate tumors. Int J Cancer. 64:124–129. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Dodd JG, Paraskevas M and McNicol PJ: Detection of human papillomavirus 16 transcription in human prostate tissue. J Urol. 149:400–402. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rotola A, Monini P, Di Luca D, Savioli A, Simone R, Secchiero P, Reggiani A and Cassai E: Presence and physical state of HPV DNA in prostate and urinary-tract tissues. Int J Cancer. 52:359–365. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Anwar K, Nakakuki K, Shiraishi T, Naiki H, Yatani R and Inuzuka M: Presence of ras oncogene mutations and human papillomavirus DNA in human prostate carcinomas. Cancer Res. 52:5991–5996. 1992.PubMed/NCBI | |
Ibrahim GK, Gravitt PE, Dittrich KL, Ibrahim SN, Melhus O, Anderson SM and Robertson CN: Detection of human papillomavirus in the prostate by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. J Urol. 148:1822–1826. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Masood S, Rhatigan RM, Powell S, Thompson J and Rodenroth N: Human papillomavirus in prostatic cancer: No evidence found by in situ DNA hybridization. South Med J. 84:235–236. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Colón-López V, Ortiz AP, Del Toro-Mejías LM, García H, Clatts MC and Palefsky J: Awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among high-risk men of Hispanic origin attending a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic. BMC Infect Dis. 12:3462012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Baker R, Dauner JG, Rodriguez AC, Williams MC, Kemp TJ, Hildesheim A and Pinto LA: Increased plasma levels of adipokines and inflammatory markers in older women with persistent HPV infection. Cytokine. 53:282–285. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Coussens LM and Werb Z: Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 420:860–867. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mendoza N, Hernandez PO and Tyring SK: HPV vaccine update: New indications and controversies. Skin Therapy Lett. 16:1–3. 2011.PubMed/NCBI | |
Hopkins TG and Wood N: Female human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination: Global uptake and the impact of attitudes. Vaccine. 31:1673–1679. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Colón-López V, Ortiz AP and Palefsky J: Burden of human papillomavirus infection and related comorbidities in men: Implications for research, disease prevention and health promotion among Hispanic men. P R Health Sci J. 29:232–240. 2010.PubMed/NCBI | |
de Lima Rocha MG, Faria FL, Goncalves L, Mdo C Souza, Fernandes PÁ and Fernandes AP: Prevalence of DNA-HPV in male sexual partners of HPV-infected women and concordance of viral types in infected couples. PLoS One. 7:e409882012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Taylor ML, Mainous AG III and Wells BJ: Prostate cancer and sexually transmitted diseases: A meta-analysis. Fam Med. 37:506–512. 2005.PubMed/NCBI | |
Jayaprakash V, Reid M, Hatton E, Merzianu M, Rigual N, Marshall J, Gill S, Frustino J, Wilding G, Loree T, et al: Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in epithelial dysplasia of oral cavity and oropharynx: A meta-analysis, 1985–2010. Oral Oncol. 47:1048–1054. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Li N, Bi X, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Zheng T and Dai M: Human papillomavirus infection and sporadic breast carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 126:515–520. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
O'Rorke MA, Ellison MV, Murray LJ, Moran M, James J and Anderson LA: Human papillomavirus related head and neck cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 48:1191–1201. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Li N, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Zheng T and Dai M: Human papillomavirus infection and bladder cancer risk: A meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 204:217–223. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Grulich AE and Vajdic CM: The epidemiology of cancers in human immunodeficiency virus infection and after organ transplantation. Semin Oncol. 42:247–257. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Vieira VC, Leonard B, White EA, Starrett GJ, Temiz NA, Lorenz LD, Lee D, Soares MA, Lambert PF, Howley PM and Harris RS: Human papillomavirus E6 triggers upregulation of the antiviral and cancer genomic DNA deaminase APOBEC3B. MBio. 5(pii): e02234–e14. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
Gwak M, Choi YJ, Yoo NJ and Lee S: Expression of DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3 proteins, a potential source for producing mutations, in gastric, colorectal and prostate cancers. Tumori. 100:112e–117e. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
Cantalupo PG, Katz JP and Pipas JM: HeLa nucleic acid contamination in the cancer genome atlas leads to the misidentification of human papillomavirus 18. J Virol. 89:4051–4057. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lin Y, Mao Q, Zheng X, Yang K, Chen H, Zhou C and Xie L: Human papillomavirus 16 or 18 infection and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Ir J Med Sci. 180:497–503. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Simen-Kapeu A, Surcel HM, Koskela P, Pukkala E and Lehtinen M: Lack of association between human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 infections and female lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 19:1879–1881. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bae JM: Human papillomavirus 16 infection as a potential risk factor of prostate cancer: An adaptive meta-analysis. Epidemiol Health. 37:e20150052015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hrbacek J, Urban M, Hamsikova E, Tachezy R and Heracek J: Thirty years of research on infection and prostate cancer: No conclusive evidence for a link. A systematic review. Urol Oncol. 31:951–965. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Ferrer E, Bosch FX and de Sanjosé S: Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in 5 continents: Meta-analysis of 1 million women with normal cytological findings. J Infect Dis. 202:1789–1799. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Svahn MF, Faber MT, Christensen J, Norrild B and Kjaer SK: Prevalence of human papillomavirus in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue. A meta-analysis of observational studies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 93:6–19. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Abreu AL, Souza RP, Gimenes F and Consolaro ME: A review of methods for detect human papillomavirus infection. Virol J. 9:2622012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kalmár A, Péterfia B, Wichmann B, Patai ÁV, Barták BK, Nagy ZB, Furi I, Tulassay Z and Molnár B: Comparison of automated and manual DNA isolation methods for DNA methylation analysis of biopsy, fresh frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer samples. J Lab Autom. 20:642–651. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mori S, Nakao S, Kukimoto I, Kusumoto-Matsuo R, Kondo K and Kanda T: Biased amplification of human papillomavirus DNA in specimens containing multiple human papillomavirus types by PCR with consensus primers. Cancer Sci. 102:1223–1227. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Strauss S, Sastry P, Sonnex C, Edwards S and Gray J: Contamination of environmental surfaces by genital human papillomaviruses. Sex Transm Infect. 78:135–138. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ferenczy A, Bergeron C and Richart RM: Human papillomavirus DNA in fomites on objects used for the management of patients with genital human papillomavirus infections. Obstet Gynecol. 74:950–954. 1989.PubMed/NCBI | |
Iwasaka T, Hayashi Y, Yokoyama M, Hara K, Matsuo N and Sugimori H: ‘Hit and run’ oncogenesis by human papillomavirus type 18 DNA. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 71:219–223. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Thorpe A and Neal D: Benign prostate hyperplasia. Lancet. 361:1359–1367. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Boddy JL, Pike DJ and Malone PR: A seven-year follow-up of men following a benign prostate biopsy. Eur Urol. 44:17–20. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Brossner C, Madersbacher S, de Mare P, Ponholzer A, Al-Ali B and Rauchenwald M: Follow-up of men obtaining a six-core versus a ten-core benign prostate biopsy 7 years previously. World J Urol. 23:419–421. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Durkan GC and Greene DR: Elevated serum prostate specific antigen levels in conjunction with an initial prostatic biopsy negative for carcinoma: Who should undergo a repeat biopsy? BJU Int. 83:34–38. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |