Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 15 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 15 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis

  • Authors:
    • Zhou Huang
    • Bing Sun
    • Shikai Wu
    • Xiangying Meng
    • Yang Cong
    • Ge Shen
    • Santai Song
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China, Department of Breast Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 7090-7096
    |
    Published online on: March 14, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8259
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Brain metastasis (BM) is common in patients with breast cancer. Predicting patient survival is critical for the clinical management of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). The present study was designed to develop and evaluate a prognostic model for patients with newly diagnosed BCBM. Based on the clinical data of patients with BCBM treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences (Beijing, China) between 2002 and 2014, a nomogram was developed to predict survival using proportional hazards regression analysis. The model was validated internally by bootstrapping, and the concordance index (c‑index) was calculated. A calibration curve and c‑index were used to evaluate discriminatory and predictive ability, in order to compare the nomogram with widely used models, including recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), graded prognostic assessment (GPA) and breast‑graded prognostic assessment (Breast‑GPA). A total of 411 patients with BCBM were included in the development of this predictive model. The median overall survival time was 14.1 months. Statistically significant predictors for patient survival included biological subtype, Karnofsky performance score, leptomeningeal metastasis, extracranial metastasis, the number of brain metastases and disease‑free survival. A nomogram for predicting 1‑ and 2‑year overall survival rates was constructed, which exhibited good accuracy in predicting overall survival with a concordance index of 0.735. This model outperformed RPA, GPA and Breast‑GPA, based on the comparisons of the c‑indexes. The nomogram constructed based on a multiple factor analysis was able to more accurately predict the individual survival probability of patients with BCBM, compared with existing models.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Sloan AE, Davis FG, Vigneau FD, Lai P and Sawaya RE: Incidence proportions of brain metastases in patients diagnosed (1973 to 2001) in the metropolitan detroit cancer surveillance system. J Clin Oncol. 22:2865–2872. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Lin NU, Amiri-Kordestani L, Palmieri D, Liewehr DJ and Steeg PS: CNS metastases in breast cancer: Old challenge, new frontiers. Clin Cancer Res. 19:6404–6418. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

DiStefano A, Yap Yong Y, Hortobagyi GN and Blumenschein GR: The natural history of breast cancer patients with brain metastases. Cancer. 44:1913–1918. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Tabouret E, Metellus P, Goncalves A, Esterni B, Charaffe-Jauffret E, Viens P and Tallet A: Assessment of prognostic scores in brain metastases from breast cancer. Neuro Oncol. 16:421–428. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Altundag K, Bondy ML, Mirza NQ, Kau SW, Broglio K, Hortobagyi GN and Rivera E: Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors in 420 metastatic breast cancer patients with central nervous system metastasis. Cancer. 110:2640–2647. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gaspar L, Scott C, Rotman M, Asbell S, Phillips T, Wasserman T, McKenna WG and Byhardt R: Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) brain metastases trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 37:745–751. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sperduto PW, Berkey B, Gaspar LE, Mehta M and Curran W: A new prognostic index and comparison to three other indices for patients with brain metastases: An analysis of 1,960 patients in the RTOG database. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 70:510–514. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sperduto PW, Kased N, Roberge D, Xu Z, Shanley R, Luo X, Sneed PK, Chao ST, Weil RJ, Suh J, et al: Effect of tumor subtype on survival and the graded prognostic assessment for patients with breast cancer and brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 82:2111–2117. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Iasonos A, Schrag D, Raj GV and Panageas KS: How to build and interpret a nomogram for cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 26:1364–1370. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Pietrantonio F, Aprile G, Rimassa L, Franco P, Lonardi S, Cremolini C, Biondani P, Sbicego EL, Pasqualetti F, Tomasello G, et al: A new nomogram for estimating survival in patients with brain metastases secondary to colorectal cancer. Radiother Oncol. 117:315–321. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Graesslin O, Abdulkarim BS, Coutant C, Huguet F, Gabos Z, Hsu L, Marpeau O, Uzan S, Pusztai L, Strom EA, et al: Nomogram to predict subsequent brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 28:2032–2037. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Ahn HK, Lee S, Park YH, Sohn JH, Jo JC, Ahn JH, Jung KH, Park S, Cho EY, Lee JI, et al: Prediction of outcomes for patients with brain parenchymal metastases from breast cancer (BC): A new BC-specific prognostic model and a nomogram. Neuro Oncol. 14:1105–1113. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Sternberg CN: Are nomograms better than currently available stage groupings for bladder cancer? J Clin Oncol. 24:3819–3820. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Marko NF, Xu Z, Gao T, Kattan MW and Weil RJ: Predicting survival in women with breast cancer and brain metastasis: A nomogram outperforms current survival prediction models. Cancer. 118:3749–3757. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Yang Y, Zhang YJ, Zhu Y, Cao JZ, Yuan ZY, Xu LM, Wu JX, Wang W, Wu T, Lu B, et al: Prognostic nomogram for overall survival in previously untreated patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: A multicenter study. Leukemia. 29:1571–1577. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Tang LQ, Li CF, Li J, Chen WH, Chen QY, Yuan LX, Lai XP, He Y, Xu YX, Hu DP, et al: Establishment and validation of prognostic nomograms for endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 108:pii: djv291. 2015.

18 

Subbiah IM, Lei X, Weinberg JS, Sulman EP, Chavez-MacGregor M, Tripathy D, Gupta R, Varma A, Chouhan J, Guevarra RP, et al: Validation and development of a modified breast graded prognostic assessment as a tool for survival in patients with breast cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Oncol. 33:2239–2245. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Dawood S, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Albarracin C, Yu TK, Hortobagyi GN, Buchholz TA and Woodward WA: Prognostic factors of survival in the trastuzumab era among women with breast cancer and brain metastases who receive whole brain radiotherapy: A single-institution review. Cancer. 116:3084–3092. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kased N, Binder DK, McDermott MW, Nakamura JL, Huang K, Berger MS, Wara WM and Sneed PK: Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain metastases from primary breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 75:1132–1140. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Le Scodan R, Massard C, Jouanneau L, Coussy F, Gutierrez M, Kirova Y, Lerebours F, Labib A and Mouret-Fourme E: Brain metastases from breast cancer: Proposition of new prognostic score including molecular subtypes and treatment. J Neurooncol. 106:169–176. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Schag CC, Heinrich RL and Ganz PA: Karnofsky performance status revisited: Reliability, validity, and guidelines. J Clin Oncol. 2:187–193. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Thürlimann B and Senn HJ: Panel members: Strategies for subtypes-dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: Highlights of the St Gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2011. Ann Oncol. 22:1736–1747. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, et al: New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: Revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 45:228–247. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Harrell FE Jr, Lee KL and Mark DB: Multivariable prognostic models: Issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 15:361–387. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Harrell FE Jr, Lee KL, Califf RM, Pryor DB and Rosati RA: Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction. Stat Med. 3:143–152. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Coutant C, Olivier C, Lambaudie E, Fondrinier E, Marchal F, Guillemin F, Seince N, Thomas V, Levêque J, Barranger E, et al: Comparison of models to predict nonsentinel lymph node status in breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes: A prospective multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 27:2800–2808. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Niwinska A and Murawska M: New breast cancer recursive partitioning analysis prognostic index in patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 82:2065–2071. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Kim HJ, Im SA, Keam B, Kim YJ, Han SW, Kim TM, Oh DY, Kim JH, Lee SH, Chie EK, et al: Clinical outcome of central nervous system metastases from breast cancer: Differences in survival depending on systemic treatment. J Neurooncol. 106:303–313. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Dawood S, Broglio K, Esteva FJ, Ibrahim NK, Kau SW, Islam R, Aldape KD, Yu TK, Hortobagyi GN and Gonzalez-Angulo AM: Defining prognosis for women with breast cancer and CNS metastases by HER2 status. Ann Oncol. 19:1242–1248. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Le Scodan R, Jouanneau L, Massard C, Gutierrez M, Kirova Y, Cherel P, Gachet J, Labib A and Mouret-Fourme E: Brain metastases from breast cancer: Prognostic significance of HER-2 overexpression, effect of trastuzumab and cause of death. BMC Cancer. 11:3952011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Lagerwaard FJ, Levendag PC, Nowak PJ, Eijkenboom WM, Hanssens PE and Schmitz PI: Identification of prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases: A review of 1292 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 43:795–803. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Balachandran VP, Gonen M, Smith JJ and DeMatteo RP: Nomograms in oncology: More than meets the eye. Lancet Oncol. 16:e173–e180. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Chamberlain MC: Leptomeningeal metastases in the MRI era. Neurology. 76:200author reply 200. –201. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kondziolka D, Kano H, Harrison GL, Yang HC, Liew DN, Niranjan A, Brufsky AM, Flickinger JC and Lunsford LD: Stereotactic radiosurgery as primary and salvage treatment for brain metastases from breast cancer. Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 114:792–800. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Song WG, Wang YF, Wang RL, Qu YE, Zhang Z, Li GZ, Xiao Y, Fang F and Chen H: Therapeutic regimens and prognostic factors of brain metastatic cancers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14:923–927. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Brower JV, Saha S, Rosenberg SA, Hullett CR and Robins Ian H: Management of leptomeningeal metastases: Prognostic factors and associated outcomes. J Clin Neurosci. 27:130–137. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Dayan A, Koca D, Akman T, Oztop I, Ellidokuz H and Yilmaz U: The factors that have an impact on the development of brain metastasis in the patients with breast cancer. J Cancer Res Ther. 8:542–548. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Braccini AL, Azria D, Thezenas S, Romieu G, Ferreri JM and Jacot W: Comparative performances of prognostic indexes for breast cancer patients presenting with brain metastases. BMC Cancer. 13:702013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Huang Z, Sun B, Wu S, Meng X, Cong Y, Shen G and Song S: A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis. Oncol Lett 15: 7090-7096, 2018.
APA
Huang, Z., Sun, B., Wu, S., Meng, X., Cong, Y., Shen, G., & Song, S. (2018). A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis. Oncology Letters, 15, 7090-7096. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8259
MLA
Huang, Z., Sun, B., Wu, S., Meng, X., Cong, Y., Shen, G., Song, S."A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis". Oncology Letters 15.5 (2018): 7090-7096.
Chicago
Huang, Z., Sun, B., Wu, S., Meng, X., Cong, Y., Shen, G., Song, S."A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis". Oncology Letters 15, no. 5 (2018): 7090-7096. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8259
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Huang Z, Sun B, Wu S, Meng X, Cong Y, Shen G and Song S: A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis. Oncol Lett 15: 7090-7096, 2018.
APA
Huang, Z., Sun, B., Wu, S., Meng, X., Cong, Y., Shen, G., & Song, S. (2018). A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis. Oncology Letters, 15, 7090-7096. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8259
MLA
Huang, Z., Sun, B., Wu, S., Meng, X., Cong, Y., Shen, G., Song, S."A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis". Oncology Letters 15.5 (2018): 7090-7096.
Chicago
Huang, Z., Sun, B., Wu, S., Meng, X., Cong, Y., Shen, G., Song, S."A nomogram for predicting survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastasis". Oncology Letters 15, no. 5 (2018): 7090-7096. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8259
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team