Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 15 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 15 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation

  • Authors:
    • Bicheng Zhang
    • Zhimin Zhang
    • Jun Wang
    • Bo Yang
    • Yong Zhao
    • Zhiguo Rao
    • Jianfei Gao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Jinan Command, People's Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 7531-7536
    |
    Published online on: March 15, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8276
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua, is an effective novel antimalarial agent. Studies have suggested that it also exhibits anticancer effects when administered alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of DHA combined with carboplatin (CBP) on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. MTT and clonogenic assays demonstrated that the proliferation activity of LLC cells was inhibited in a dose‑dependent manner by DHA combined with CBP. In addition, flow cytometry analysis revealed that cell cycle arrest was induced at the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis was induced following treatment with the combination. When administered in combination with CBP, DHA exhibited more effective anticancer activity compared with DHA or CBP used alone, via increased apoptosis. Following treatment with DHA with or without CBP, the expression of phosphorylated‑p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK), which can be inhibited with the selective inhibitor SB202190, was detected by western blotting. To summarize, the results of the present study indicated that DHA may sensitize LLC cells to CBP therapy via the activation of p38MAPK, which suggests that a combined treatment of DHA and CBP may be a potential novel therapeutic schedule for lung adenocarcinoma.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Tiseo M, Bartolotti M, Gelsomino F and Ardizzoni A: First-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: The emerging role of the histologic subtype. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 9:425–435. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Hou S, Han X and Ji H: Squamous transition of lung adenocarcinoma and drug resistance. Trends Cancer. 2:463–466. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Loi M, Roche N and Alifano M: Chemotherapy regimens for non-small cell lung cancer. Minerva Chir. 64:629–641. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Sangodkar J, Katz S, Melville H and Narla G: Lung adenocarcinoma: Lessons in translation from bench to bedside. Mt Sinai J Med. 77:597–605. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Tran TH, Dolecek C, Pham PM, Nguyen TD, Nguyen TT, Le HT, Dong TH, Tran TT, Stepniewska K, White NJ and Farrar J: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Vietnam: Randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 363:18–22. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Chen T, Li M, Zhang R and Wang H: Dihydroartemisinin induces apoptosis and sensitizes human ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin therapy. J Cell Mol Med. 13:1358–1370. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Lu JJ, Meng LH, Cai YJ, Chen Q, Tong LJ, Lin LP and Ding J: Dihydroartemisinin induces apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells dependent of iron and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation but independent of reactive oxygen species. Cancer Biol Ther. 7:1017–1023. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Liu Y, Wang W, Xu J, Li L, Dong Q, Shi Q, Zuo G, Zhou L, Weng Y, Tang M, et al: Dihydroartemisinin inhibits tumor growth of human osteosarcoma cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncol Rep. 30:1723–1730. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zhao C, Gao W and Chen T: Synergistic induction of apoptosis in A549 cells by dihydroartemisinin and gemcitabine. Apoptosis. 19:668–681. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Feng X, Li L, Jiang H, Jiang K, Jin Y and Zheng J: Dihydroartemisinin potentiates the anticancer effect of cisplatin via mTOR inhibition in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells: Involvement of apoptosis and autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 444:376–381. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Brown MD and Sacks DB: Protein scaffolds in MAP kinase signalling. Cell Signal. 21:462–469. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Rana A, Rana B, Mishra R, Sondarva G, Rangasamy V, Das S, Viswakarma N and Kanthasamy A: Mixed lineage kinase-c-Jun N-yerminal kinase axis: A potential therapeutic target in cancer. Genes Cancer. 4:334–341. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Fischer S, Koeberle SC and Laufer SA: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, a patent review (2005–2011). Expert Opin Ther Pat. 21:1843–1866. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Zechner D, Craig R, Hanford DS, McDonough PM, Sabbadini RA and Glembotski CC: MKK6 activates myocardial cell NF-kappaB and inhibits apoptosis in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 273:8232–8239. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Remacle-Bonnet MM, Garrouste FL, Heller S, André F, Marvaldi JL and Pommier GJ: Insulin-like growth factor-I protects colon cancer cells from death factor-induced apoptosis by potentiating tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappaB signaling pathways. Cancer Res. 60:2007–2017. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang J, Guo Y, Zhang BC, Chen ZT and Gao JF: Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration and tube-like formation by dihydroartemisinin in murine lymphatic endothelial cells. Pharmacology. 80:207–218. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Naing C, Mak JW, Aung K and Wong JY: Efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in endemic countries: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 107:65–73. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Du XX, Li YJ, Wu CL, Zhou JH, Han Y, Sui H, Wei XL, Liu L, Huang P, Yuan HH, et al: Initiation of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and autophagy of esophageal cancer cells by dihydroartemisinin. Biomed Pharmacother. 67:417–424. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Lu YY, Chen TS, Wang XP, Qu JL and Chen M: The JNK inhibitor SP600125 enhances dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis by accelerating Bax translocation into mitochondria in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. FEBS Lett. 584:4019–4026. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Mao H, Gu H, Qu X, Sun J, Song B, Gao W, Liu J and Shao Q: Involvement of the mitochondrial pathway and Bim/Bcl-2 balance in dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer in vitro. Int J Mol Med. 31:213–218. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Mu D, Chen W, Yu B, Zhang C, Zhang Y and Qi H: Calcium and survivin are involved in the induction of apoptosis by dihydroartemisinin in human lung cancer SPC-A-1 cells. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 29:33–38. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Mu D, Zhang W, Chu D, Liu T, Xie Y, Fu E and Jin F: The role of calcium, P38 MAPK in dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis of lung cancer PC-14 cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 61:639–645. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Wang J, Zhang BC, Guo Y, Chen ZT and Gao JF: Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis, nodal and lung metastasis by dihy-droartemisinin in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. J Med Coll PLA. 22:272–278. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Markman JL, Rekechenetskiy A, Holler E and Ljubimova JY: Nanomedicine therapeutic approaches to overcome cancer drug resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 65:1866–1879. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hu W and Kavanagh JJ: Anticancer therapy targeting the apoptotic pathway. Lancet Oncol. 4:721–729. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Han J, Lee JD, Tobias PS and Ulevitch RJ: Endotoxin induces rapid protein tyrosine phosphorylation in 70Z/3 cells expressing CD14. J Biol Chem. 268:25009–25014. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Han J, Lee JD, Bibbs L and Ulevitch RJ: A MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells. Science. 265:808–811. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

García-Cano J, Roche O, Cimas FJ, Pascual-Serra R, Ortega-Muelas M, Fernández-Aroca DM and Sánchez-Prieto R: p38MAPK and Chemotherapy: We always need to hear both sides of the story. Front Cell Dev Biol. 4:692016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Xia Z, Dickens M, Raingeaud J, Davis RJ and Greenberg ME: Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science. 270:1326–1331. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Valladares A, Alvarez AM, Ventura JJ, Roncero C, Benito M and Porras A: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in rat fetal brown adipocytes. Endocrinology. 141:4383–4395. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Ishii A, Furusho M and Bansal R: Sustained activation of ERK1/2 MAPK in oligodendrocytes and schwann cells enhances myelin growth and stimulates oligodendrocyte progenitor expansion. J Neurosci. 33:175–186. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Park MT, Choi JA, Kim MJ, Um HD, Bae S, Kang CM, Cho CK, Kang S, Chung HY, Lee YS and Lee SJ: Suppression of extracellular signal-related kinase and activation of p38 MAPK are two critical events leading to caspase-8- and mitochondria-mediated cell death in phytosphingosine-treated human cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 278:50624–50634. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Ozaki I, Tani E, Ikemoto H, Kitagawa H and Fujikawa H: Activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 kinase in calphostin C-induced apoptosis requires caspase-3-like proteases but is dispensable for cell death. J Biol Chem. 274:5310–5317. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kanagasabai R, Karthikeyan K, Vedam K, Qien W, Zhu Q and Ilangovan G: Hsp27 protects adenocarcinoma cells from UV-induced apoptosis by Akt and p21-dependent pathways of survival. Mol Cancer Res. 8:1399–1412. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Park JG, Yuk Y, Rhim H, Yi SY and Yoo YS: Role of p38 MAPK in the regulation of apoptosis signaling induced by TNF-alpha in differentiated PC12 cells. J Biochem Mol Biol. 35:267–272. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Petersen C, Svechnikov K, Fröysa B and Söder O: The p38 MAPK pathway mediates interleukin-1-induced Sertoli cell proliferation. Cytokine. 32:51–59. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Zhang BC, Li Q, Ye J, et al: Role of p38MAPK in mediating TNF-α-induced apoptosis of rat glioma cell line C6. J Med Coll PLA. 18:308–311. 2003.

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang B, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yang B, Zhao Y, Rao Z and Gao J: Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Oncol Lett 15: 7531-7536, 2018.
APA
Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Yang, B., Zhao, Y., Rao, Z., & Gao, J. (2018). Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Oncology Letters, 15, 7531-7536. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8276
MLA
Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Yang, B., Zhao, Y., Rao, Z., Gao, J."Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation". Oncology Letters 15.5 (2018): 7531-7536.
Chicago
Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Yang, B., Zhao, Y., Rao, Z., Gao, J."Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation". Oncology Letters 15, no. 5 (2018): 7531-7536. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8276
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang B, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yang B, Zhao Y, Rao Z and Gao J: Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Oncol Lett 15: 7531-7536, 2018.
APA
Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Yang, B., Zhao, Y., Rao, Z., & Gao, J. (2018). Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Oncology Letters, 15, 7531-7536. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8276
MLA
Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Yang, B., Zhao, Y., Rao, Z., Gao, J."Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation". Oncology Letters 15.5 (2018): 7531-7536.
Chicago
Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Yang, B., Zhao, Y., Rao, Z., Gao, J."Dihydroartemisinin sensitizes Lewis lung carcinoma cells to carboplatin therapy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation". Oncology Letters 15, no. 5 (2018): 7531-7536. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8276
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team