Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 15 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 15 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt

  • Authors:
    • Zuohong Li
    • Lesheng Wang
    • Nan Luo
    • Yantao Zhao
    • Jiazhi Li
    • Qiwei Chen
    • Yu Tian
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China, Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116015, P.R. China, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
  • Pages: 7948-7954
    |
    Published online on: March 20, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8297
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Metformin (Met) is a therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is evidence that Met may reduce the risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by inhibiting tumor cell growth, prolonging the overall survival time in patients with various types of malignancy. However, the function and mechanism of Met have not been fully elucidated in osteosarcoma (OS). The present study evaluated the anti‑proliferative effect of Met on MG63 and U2OS OS cells, identifying that it acted in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. Met also inhibited OS cell migration and invasion, potentially by regulating the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in OS cells. Mechanistically, Met was demonstrated to partly exert these functions through the suppression of Akt phosphorylation, which was associated with increased phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) expression. Silencing PTEN prevented the Met‑induced inhibition of the growth and metastasis of OS cells. As Met has anti‑proliferative and anti‑metastatic effects on OS cells it is a potential candidate, in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, for use in the treatment of OS.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Moore DD and Luu HH: Osteosarcoma. Cancer Treat Res. 162:65–92. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Chou AJ and Gorlick R: Chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma: Current challenges and future directions. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 6:1075–1085. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Ma J, Niu M, Yang W, Zang L and Xi Y: Role of relaxin-2 in human primary osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int. 13:592013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Bacci G, Rocca M, Salone M, Balladelli A, Ferrari S, Palmerini E, Forni C and Briccoli A: High grade osteosarcoma of the extremities with lung metastases at presentation: Treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and simultaneous resection of primary and metastatic lesions. J Surg Oncol. 98:415–420. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Messerschmitt PJ, Garcia RM, Abdul-Karim FW, Greenfield EM and Getty PJ: Osteosarcoma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 17:515–527. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Bielack SS, Kempf-Bielack B, Delling G, Exner GU, Flege S, Helmke K, Kotz R, Salzer-Kuntschik M, Werner M, Winkelmann W, et al: Prognostic factors in high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities or trunk: An analysis of 1,702 patients treated on neoadjuvant cooperative osteosarcoma study group protocols. J Clin Oncol. 20:776–790. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Eccles SA and Welch DR: Metastasis: Recent discoveries and novel treatment strategies. Lancet. 369:1742–1757. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hughes DP: Strategies for the targeted delivery of therapeutics for osteosarcoma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 6:1311–1321. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kerosuo L and Bronner-Fraser M: What is bad in cancer is good in the embryo: Importance of EMT in neural crest development. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 23:320–332. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Khan MA, Chen HC, Zhang D and Fu J: Twist: A molecular target in cancer therapeutics. Tumour Biol. 34:2497–2506. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Thompson EW, Newgreen DF and Tarin D: Carcinoma invasion and metastasis: A role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition? Cancer Res. 65:5991–5995. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Walsh LA and Damjanovski S: IGF-1 increases invasive potential of MCF 7 breast cancer cells and induces activation of latent TGF-β1 resulting in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cell Commun Signal. 9:102011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Graham TR, Zhau HE, Odero-Marah VA, Osunkoya AO, Kimbro KS, Tighiouart M, Liu T, Simons JW and O'Regan RM: Insulin-like growth factor-I-dependent up-regulation of ZEB1 drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 68:2479–2488. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Jentzsch T, Robl B, Husmann M, Bode-Lesniewska B and Fuchs B: Worse prognosis of osteosarcoma patients expressing IGF-1 on a tissue microarray. Anticancer Res. 34:3881–3889. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Jentzsch T, Robl B, Husmann M, Bode-Lesniewska B and Fuchs B: Worse prognosis of osteosarcoma patients expressing IGF-1 on a tissue microarray. Anticancer Res. 34:3881–3889. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

16 

de Groot S, Gelderblom H, Fiocco M, Bovée JV, van der Hoeven JJ, Pijl H and Kroep JR: Serum levels of IGF-1 and IGF-BP3 are associated with event-free survival in adult Ewing sarcoma patients treated with chemotherapy. Onco Targets Ther. 10:2963–2970. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhang J, Yu XH, Yan YG, Wang C and Wang WJ: PI3K/Akt signaling in osteosarcoma. Clin Chim Acta. 444:182–192. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Chen J, Lan T, Zhang W, Dong L, Kang N, Fu M, Liu B, Liu K, Zhang C, Hou J and Zhan Q: Dasatinib enhances cisplatin sensitivity in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells via suppression of PI3K/AKT and Stat3 pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys. 575:38–45. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Wu H, Fan F, Liu Z, Shen C, Wang A and Lu Y: Norcantharidin combined with EGFR-TKIs overcomes HGF-induced resistance to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells via inhibition of Met/PI3k/Akt pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 76:307–315. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zhu Y, Xu L, Zhang J, Xu W, Liu Y, Yin H, Lv T, An H, Liu L, He H, et al: Klotho suppresses tumor progression via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/Snail signaling in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 104:663–671. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Yamamoto Y, De Velasco MA, Kura Y, Nozawa M, Hatanaka Y, Oki T, Ozeki T, Shimizu N, Minami T, Yoshimura K, et al: Evaluation of in vivo responses of sorafenib therapy in a preclinical mouse model of PTEN-deficient of prostate cancer. J Transl Med. 13:1502015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Liang C, Li H, Shen C, Lai J, Shi Z, Liu B and Tao HM: Genistein potentiates the anti-cancer effects of gemcitabine in human osteosarcoma via the downregulation of Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 12:554–563. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Zhu LB, Jiang J, Zhu XP, Wang TF, Chen XY, Luo QF, Shu Y, Liu ZL and Huang SH: Knockdown of Aurora-B inhibits osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration via modulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:3984–3991. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Olt S and Oznas O: Investigation of the vitamin B12 deficiency with peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated using metformin. North Clin Istanb. 4:233–236. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Cho SW, Yi KH, Han SK, Sun HJ, Kim YA, Oh BC, Park YJ and Park DJ: Therapeutic potential of metformin in papillary thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 393:24–29. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Lengyel E, Litchfield LM, Mitra AK, Nieman KM, Mukherjee A, Zhang Y, Johnson A, Bradaric M, Lee W and Romero IL: Metformin inhibits ovarian cancer growth and increases sensitivity to paclitaxel in mouse models. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 212:479.e471–479.e410. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Lau YK, Du X, Rayannavar V, Hopkins B, Shaw J, Bessler E, Thomas T, Pires MM, Keniry M, Parsons RE, et al: Metformin and erlotinib synergize to inhibit basal breast cancer. Oncotarget. 5:10503–10517. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ben Sahra I, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF and Bost F: Metformin in cancer therapy: A new perspective for an old antidiabetic drug? Mol Cancer Ther. 9:1092–1099. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zhang J, Shen C, Wang L, Ma Q, Xia P, Qi M, Yang M and Han B: Metformin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells: Involvement of the tumor suppressor miR30a and its target gene SOX4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 452:746–752. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Zhao Z, Cheng X, Wang Y, Han R, Li L, Xiang T, He L, Long H, Zhu B and He Y: Metformin inhibits the IL-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis. PloS One. 9:e958842014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Gao F, Huang W, Zhang Y, Tang S, Zheng L, Ma F, Wang Y, Tang H and Li X: Hes1 promotes cell proliferation and migration by activating Bmi-1 and PTEN/Akt/GSK3β pathway in human colon cancer. Oncotarget. 6:38667–38680. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Yang G, Yuan J and Li K: EMT transcription factors: Implication in osteosarcoma. Med Oncol. 30:6972013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Lindsey BA, Markel JE and Kleinerman ES: Osteosarcoma overview. Rheumatol Ther. 4:25–43. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Duo J, Ma Y, Wang G, Han X and Zhang C: Metformin synergistically enhances antitumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a against osteosarcoma cell line. DNA Cell Biol. 32:156–164. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Mimeault M and Batra SK: Interplay of distinct growth factors during epithelial mesenchymal transition of cancer progenitor cells and molecular targeting as novel cancer therapies. Ann Oncol. 18:1605–1619. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Xu X, Fan Z, Kang L, Han J, Jiang C, Zheng X, Zhu Z, Jiao H, Lin J, Jiang K, et al: Hepatitis B virus X protein represses miRNA-148a to enhance tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest. 123:630–645. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Zhou BP, Deng J, Xia W, Xu J, Li YM, Gunduz M and Hung MC: Dual regulation of Snail by GSK-3beta-mediated phosphorylation in control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Cell Biol. 6:931–940. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Cano A, Pérez-Moreno MA, Rodrigo I, Locascio A, Blanco MJ, del Barrio MG, Portillo F and Nieto MA: The transcription factor snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression. Nat Cell Biol. 2:76–83. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Nielsen-Preiss SM, Silva SR and Gillette JM: Role of PTEN and Akt in the regulation of growth and apoptosis in human osteoblastic cells. J Cell Biochem. 90:964–975. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Li T, Xiao Y and Huang T: HIF1α induced upregulation of lncRNA UCA1 promotes cell growth in osteosarcoma by inactivating the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Rep. 39:1072–1080. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li Z, Wang L, Luo N, Zhao Y, Li J, Chen Q and Tian Y: Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt. Oncol Lett 15: 7948-7954, 2018.
APA
Li, Z., Wang, L., Luo, N., Zhao, Y., Li, J., Chen, Q., & Tian, Y. (2018). Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt. Oncology Letters, 15, 7948-7954. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8297
MLA
Li, Z., Wang, L., Luo, N., Zhao, Y., Li, J., Chen, Q., Tian, Y."Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt". Oncology Letters 15.5 (2018): 7948-7954.
Chicago
Li, Z., Wang, L., Luo, N., Zhao, Y., Li, J., Chen, Q., Tian, Y."Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt". Oncology Letters 15, no. 5 (2018): 7948-7954. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8297
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li Z, Wang L, Luo N, Zhao Y, Li J, Chen Q and Tian Y: Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt. Oncol Lett 15: 7948-7954, 2018.
APA
Li, Z., Wang, L., Luo, N., Zhao, Y., Li, J., Chen, Q., & Tian, Y. (2018). Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt. Oncology Letters, 15, 7948-7954. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8297
MLA
Li, Z., Wang, L., Luo, N., Zhao, Y., Li, J., Chen, Q., Tian, Y."Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt". Oncology Letters 15.5 (2018): 7948-7954.
Chicago
Li, Z., Wang, L., Luo, N., Zhao, Y., Li, J., Chen, Q., Tian, Y."Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt". Oncology Letters 15, no. 5 (2018): 7948-7954. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8297
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team