Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
August-2018 Volume 16 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2018 Volume 16 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer

  • Authors:
    • Ting Yan
    • Wentong Liang
    • Enli Jiang
    • Aizhu Ye
    • Qian Wu
    • Mingrong Xi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2591-2598
    |
    Published online on: June 11, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8944
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Go‑Ichi‑Ni‑San 2 (GINS2), also known as partner of Sld five 2, is involved in the initiation of DNA replication and cell cycle progression. GINS2 is abundantly expressed in a number of malignant solid tumors, including breast cancer, melanoma and hepatic carcinoma. However, the functions of GINS2 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate these functions. GINS2 expression was detected in EOC and normal ovarian tissues using immunohistochemistry. To investigate the functions of GINS2 in EOC, GINS2 expression was stably knocked down in SKOV‑3 cells using lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The expression of GINS2 mRNA and protein in SKOV‑3 cells was examined using reverse‑transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analyses, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined using high‑content screening and MTT assays. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. Compared with normal ovarian tissues, EOC tissues expressed increased levels of GINS2 expression (16.7 vs. 58.3%). Increased expression of GINS2 mRNA was also observed in SKOV‑3 and OVCAR3 cells. In the investigation of GINS2 functions in EOC, GINS2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels was significantly inhibited by specific GINS2 shRNA. GINS2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and viability of SKOV‑3 cells and induced cell cycle arrest in S phase. Furthermore, GINS2 knockdown in SKOV‑3 cells significantly increased cell apoptosis. GINS2 is markedly expressed in EOC tissues and cell lines. Stable GINS2 knockdown in SKOV‑3 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Therefore, GINS2 may be involved in EOC progression.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C and Parkin DM: Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer J Int Du Cancer. 127:2893–2917. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 63:11–30. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Brown PO and Palmer C: The preclinical natural history of serous ovarian cancer: Defining the target for early detection. PLoS Med. 6:e10001142009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Auersperg N, Wong A, Choi K, Kang S and Leung P: Ovarian surface epithelium: Biology, endocrinology, and pathology. Endocr Rev. 22:255–288. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Wu JN and Roberts CWM: ARID1A mutations in cancer: Another epigenetic tumor suppressor? Cancer Discov. 3:35–43. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Maistro S, Teixeira N, Encinas G, Katayama ML, Niewiadonski VD, Cabral LG, Ribeiro RM, Junior Gaburo N, de Gouvêa AC, Carraro DM, et al: Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in epithelial ovarian cancer patients in Brazil. BMC Cancer. 16:9342016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hashimoto T, Yanaihara N, Okamoto A, Nikaido T, Saito M, Takakura S, Yasuda M, Sasaki H, Ochiai K and Tanaka T: Cyclin D1 predicts the prognosis of advanced serous ovarian cancer. Exp Ther Med. 2:213–219. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Chao WR, Lee MY, Lin WL, Chen CK, Lin JC, Koo CL, Sheu GT and Han CP: HER2 amplification and overexpression are significantly correlated in mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer. Hum Pathol. 45:810–816. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bai H, Li H, Li W, Gui T, Yang J, Cao D and Shen K: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a potential predictor of distinct invasive and migratory capacities in human ovarian cancer cell lines. Oncotarget. 6:25520–25532. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Burkhalter RJ, Symowicz J, Hudson LG, Gottardi CJ and Stack MS: Integrin regulation of beta-catenin signaling in ovarian carcinoma. J Biol Chem. 286:23467–23475. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Takayama Y, Kamimura Y, Okawa M, Muramatsu S, Sugino A and Araki H: GINS, a novel multiprotein complex required for chromosomal DNA replication in budding yeast. Genes Dev. 17:1153–1165. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Chang YP, Wang G, Bermudez V, Hurwitz J and Chen XS: Crystal structure of the GINS complex and functional insights into its role in DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:12685–12690. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

MacNeill SA: Structure and function of the GINS complex, a key component of the eukaryotic replisome. Biochem J. 425:489–500. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kang YH, Galal WC, Farina A, Tappin I and Hurwitz J: Properties of the human Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS helicase complex and its action with DNA polymerase epsilon in rolling circle DNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:6042–6047. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Tumini E, Plevani P, Muzi-Falconi M and Marini F: Physical and functional crosstalk between Fanconi anemia core components and the GINS replication complex. DNA Repair (Amst). 10:149–158. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Barkley LR, Song I, Zou Y and Vaziri C: Reduced expression of GINS complex members induces hallmarks of pre-malignancy in primary untransformed human cells. Cell Cycle. 8:1577–1588. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Thomassen M, Tan Q and Kruse TA: Gene expression meta-analysis identifies chromosomal regions and candidate genes involved in breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 113:239–249. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Rantala JK, Edgren H and Lehtinen L: Integrative functional genomics analysis of sustained polyploidy phenotypes in breast cancer cells identifies an oncogenic profile for GINS2. Neoplasia. 12:877–888. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zheng M, Zhou Y, Yang X, Tang J, Wei D, Zhang Y, Jiang JL, Chen ZN and Zhu P: High GINS2 transcript level predicts poor prognosis and correlates with high histological grade and endocrine therapy resistance through mammary cancer stem cells in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 148:423–436. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Peng L, Song Z, Chen D, Linghu R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Kou X, Yang J and Jiao S: GINS2 regulates matrix metallopeptidase 9 expression and cancer stem cell property in human triple negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 84:1568–1574. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Liu M, Pan H, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xia H, Zhu J, Fu W and Zhang X: Identification of TNM stage-specific genes in lung adenocarcinoma by genome-wide expression profiling. Oncol Lett. 6:763–768. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Gao Y, Wang S, Liu B and Zhong L: Roles of GINS2 in K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia and NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Int J Mol Med. 31:1402–1410. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Zhang X, Zhong L, Liu BZ, Gao YJ, Gao YM and Hu XX: Effect of GINS2 on proliferation and apoptosis in leukemic cell line. Int J Med Sci. 10:1795–1804. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta (T))method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Bertoli C, Skotheim JM and de Bruin RA: Control of cell cycle transcription during G1 and S phases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 14:518–528. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Fisher RP: CDKs and cyclins in transition(s). Curr Opin Genet Dev. 7:32–38. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Yabuuchi H, Yamada Y, Uchida T, Sunathvanichkul T, Nakagawa T and Masukata H: Ordered assembly of Sld3, GINS and Cdc45 is distinctly regulated by DDK and CDK for activation of replication origins. EMBO J. 25:4663–4674. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Choi JM, Lim HS, Kim JJ, Song OK and Cho Y: Crystal structure of the human GINS complex. Genes Dev. 21:1316–1321. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Cohen SM, Chastain PD II, Cordeiro-Stone M and Kaufman DG: DNA replication and the GINS complex: Localization on extended chromatin fibers. Epigenetics Chromatin. 2:62009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Tessema M, Lehmann U and Kreipe H: Cell cycle and no end. Virchows Arch. 444:313–323. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yan T, Liang W, Jiang E, Ye A, Wu Q and Xi M: GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 16: 2591-2598, 2018.
APA
Yan, T., Liang, W., Jiang, E., Ye, A., Wu, Q., & Xi, M. (2018). GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology Letters, 16, 2591-2598. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8944
MLA
Yan, T., Liang, W., Jiang, E., Ye, A., Wu, Q., Xi, M."GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 16.2 (2018): 2591-2598.
Chicago
Yan, T., Liang, W., Jiang, E., Ye, A., Wu, Q., Xi, M."GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 16, no. 2 (2018): 2591-2598. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8944
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yan T, Liang W, Jiang E, Ye A, Wu Q and Xi M: GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 16: 2591-2598, 2018.
APA
Yan, T., Liang, W., Jiang, E., Ye, A., Wu, Q., & Xi, M. (2018). GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology Letters, 16, 2591-2598. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8944
MLA
Yan, T., Liang, W., Jiang, E., Ye, A., Wu, Q., Xi, M."GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 16.2 (2018): 2591-2598.
Chicago
Yan, T., Liang, W., Jiang, E., Ye, A., Wu, Q., Xi, M."GINS2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer". Oncology Letters 16, no. 2 (2018): 2591-2598. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8944
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team