Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
December-2019 Volume 18 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2019 Volume 18 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Anna Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz
    • Jakub Klacz
    • Marcin Matuszewski
    • Zbigniew Kmiec
    • Piotr M. Wierzbicki
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80211, Poland, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80402, Poland
    Copyright: © Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5801-5810
    |
    Published online on: September 25, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10919
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and the most aggressive histopathological subtype of kidney cancer, with patients exhibiting high mortality rates for metastatic tumors. The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway serves a crucial role in embryonic development. The abnormal activity of SHH signaling is observed in a broad range of malignancies. However, its role in ccRCC is still undetermined. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of the SHH pathway genes in ccRCC. Neoplastic and morphologically unchanged kidney tissues were obtained during radical nephrectomy from 37 patients with ccRCC. The SHH, PTCH1, SMO and GLI1 mRNA levels were assessed using the reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Western blot analysis was used to assess the full‑length and C‑terminal SHH protein level. The mRNA levels of SHH, SMO and GLI1 were approximately 2‑, 2,5‑ and 7‑fold higher in ccRCC tissue compared with control kidney tissue, respectively. Correlational analysis between the mRNA levels of SHH pathway genes and patients' clinicopathological factors revealed decreased and increased mRNA levels of PTCH1 and SMO respectively, in tumor samples derived from older patients (age >62). Furthermore, the level of C‑terminal SHH protein in ccRCC samples was significantly lower in a group of males compared with females. No correlation was exhibited between molecular data and patient survival. Western blot analysis indicated a ~3‑fold higher level of SHH full‑length protein, and a 4‑fold lower level of the C‑terminal SHH protein domain, in ccRCC tumor tissues compared with normal kidney samples. The current study indicated an involvement of the SHH pathway in ccRCC development.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Hsieh JJ, Purdue MP, Signoretti S, Swanton C, Albiges L, Schmidinger M, Heng DY, Larkin J and Ficarra V: Renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 3:170092017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Lu J, Zhu L, Zheng LP, Cui Q, Zhu HH, Zhao H, Shen ZJ, Dong HY, Chen SS, Wu WZ and Tan JM: Overexpression of ULK1 represents a potential diagnostic marker for clear cell renal carcinoma and the antitumor effects of SBI-0206965. EBioMedicine. 34:85–93. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sanchez DJ and Simon MC: Genetic and metabolic hallmarks of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 1870:23–31. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, Rioux-Leclercq N, Bex A, Khoo V, Grünwald V, Gillessen S and Horwich A; ESMO Guidelines Committee, : Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†. Ann Oncol. 30:706–720. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Gupta S, Takebe N and LoRusso P: Targeting the hedgehog pathway in cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2:237–250. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Fattahi S, Pilehchian Langroudi M and Akhavan-Niaki H: Hedgehog signaling pathway: Epigenetic regulation and role in disease and cancer development. J Cell Physiol. 233:5726–5735. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Choudhry Z, Rikani AA, Choudhry AM, Tariq S, Zakaria F, Asghar MW, Sarfraz MK, Haider K, Shafiq AA and Mobassarah NJ: Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway: A complex network. Ann Neurosci. 21:28–31. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Giroux Leprieur E, Tolani B, Li H, Leguay F, Hoang NT, Acevedo LA, Jin JQ, Tseng HH, Yue D, Kim IJ, et al: Membrane-bound full-length sonic hedgehog identifies cancer stem cells in human non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 8:103744–103757. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Skoda AM, Simovic D, Karin V, Kardum V, Vranic S and Serman L: The role of the hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer: A comprehensive review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 18:8–20. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Didiasova M, Schaefer L and Wygrecka M: Targeting GLI transcription factors in cancer. Molecules. 23:E10032018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Buetti-Dinh A, Jensen R and Friedman R: A computational study of hedgehog signalling involved in basal cell carcinoma reveals the potential and limitation of combination therapy. BMC Cancer. 18:5692018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kubo M, Nakamura M, Tasaki A, Yamanaka N, Nakashima H, Nomura M, Kuroki S and Katano M: Hedgehog signaling pathway is a new therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer. Cancer Res. 64:6071–6074. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Xu M, Li X, Liu T, Leng A and Zhang G: Prognostic value of hedgehog signaling pathway in patients with colon cancer. Med Oncol. 29:1010–1016. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Saze Z, Terashima M, Kogure M, Ohsuka F, Suzuki H and Gotoh M: Activation of the sonic hedgehog pathway and its prognostic impact in patients with gastric cancer. Dig Surg. 29:115–123. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Dormoy V, Danilin S, Lindner V, Thomas L, Rothhut S, Coquard C, Helwig JJ, Jacqmin D, Lang H and Massfelder T: The sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is reactivated in human renal cell carcinoma and plays orchestral role in tumor growth. Mol Cancer. 8:1232009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhou J, Zhu G, Huang J, Li L, Du Y, Gao Y, Wu D, Wang X, Hsieh JT, He D and Wu K: Non-canonical GLI1/2 activation by PI3K/AKT signaling in renal cell carcinoma: A novel potential therapeutic target. Cancer Lett. 370:313–323. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Behnsawy HM, Shigemura K, Meligy FY, Yamamichi F, Yamashita M, Haung WC, Li X, Miyake H, Tanaka K, Kawabata M, et al: Possible role of sonic hedgehog and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell cancer progression. Korean J Urol. 54:547–554. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Eble JN; Weltgesundheitsorganisation and International Agency for Research on Cancer, : Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs: Editorial and consensus conference in Lyon, FranceDecember 14-18–2002, IARC Press; Lyon: 2006

19 

Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, . Comprehensive molecular characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nature. 499:43–49. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wierzbicki PM, Klacz J, Rybarczyk A, Slebioda T, Stanislawowski M, Wronska A, Kowalczyk A, Matuszewski M and Kmiec Z: Identification of a suitable qPCR reference gene in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Tumor Biol. 35:12473–12487. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Ma Y, Zhang P, Wang F, Yang J, Yang Z and Qin H: The relationship between early embryo development and tumourigenesis. J Cell Mol Med. 14:2697–2701. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2011: The impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:212–236. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Jiang WG, Ye L, Ruge F, Sun PH, Sanders AJ, Ji K, Lane J, Zhang L, Satherley L, Weeks HP, et al: Expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) in human lung cancer and the impact of YangZheng XiaoJi on SHH-mediated biological function of lung cancer cells and tumor growth. Anticancer Res. 35:1321–1331. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Bian X, Sun H, Xue H, Zhang G, Zhang CH, Liu XL, Su J and Li SJ: Expression and clinical significance of Shh/Gli-1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Tumour Biol. 35:10523–10528. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Choe JY, Yun JY, Jeon YK, Kim SH, Choung HK, Oh S, Park M and Kim JE: Sonic hedgehog signalling proteins are frequently expressed in retinoblastoma and are associated with aggressive clinicopathological features. J Clin Pathol. 68:6–11. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Qi X, Schmiege P, Coutavas E, Wang J and Li X: Structures of human patched and its complex with native palmitoylated sonic hedgehog. Nature. 560:128–132. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Lin T and Matsui W: Hedgehog pathway as a drug target: Smoothened inhibitors in development. Onco Targets Ther. 5:47–58. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Xin M, Ji X, De La Cruz LK, Thareja S and Wang B: Strategies to target the Hedgehog signaling pathway for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev. 38:870–913. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ding YL, Wang QS, Zhao WM and Xiang L: Expression of smoothened protein in colon cancer and its prognostic value for postoperative liver metastasis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 13:4001–4005. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Furukawa J, Miyake H and Fujisawa M: GLI2 expression levels in radical nephrectomy specimens as a predictor of disease progression in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma following treatment with sunitinib. Mol Clin Oncol. 5:186–192. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

ten Haaf A, Bektas N, von Serenyi S, Losen I, Arweiler EC, Hartmann A, Knüchel R and Dahl E: Expression of the glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) 1 in human breast cancer is associated with unfavourable overall survival. BMC Cancer. 9:2982009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

He HC, Chen JH, Chen XB, Qin GQ, Cai C, Liang YX, Han ZD, Dai QS, Chen YR, Zeng GH, et al: Expression of hedgehog pathway components is associated with bladder cancer progression and clinical outcome. Pathol Oncol Res. 18:349–355. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ciucci A, De Stefano I, Vellone VG, Lisi L, Bottoni C, Scambia G, Zannoni GF and Gallo D: Expression of the glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) in advanced serous ovarian cancer is associated with unfavorable overall survival. PLoS One. 8:e601452013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Carballo GB, Honorato JR, de Lopes GPF and Spohr TCLSE: A highlight on Sonic hedgehog pathway. Cell Commun Signal. 16:112018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Mukherjee S, Frolova N, Sadlonova A, Novak Z, Steg A, Page GP, Welch DR, Lobo-Ruppert SM, Ruppert JM, Johnson MR and Frost AR: Hedgehog signaling and response to cyclopamine differ in epithelial and stromal cells in benign breast and breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 5:674–683. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Singh S, Wang Z, Liang Fei D, Black KE, Goetz JA, Tokhunts R, Giambelli C, Rodriguez-Blanco J, Long J, Lee E, et al: Hedgehog-producing cancer cells respond to and require autocrine hedgehog activity. Cancer Res. 71:4454–4463. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Maréchal R, Bachet JB, Calomme A, Demetter P, Delpero JR, Svrcek M, Cros J, Bardier-Dupas A, Puleo F, Monges G, et al: Sonic hedgehog and Gli1 expression predict outcome in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 21:1215–1224. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhan H, Yuan Z, Lu P, Zhan L and Xu W: The Hedgehog signalling pathway and its prognostic impact in human gliomas. ANZ J Surg. 81:440–445. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Cheng J, Gao J and Tao K: Prognostic role of Gli1 expression in solid malignancies: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 6:221842016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz A, Klacz J, Matuszewski M, Kmiec Z and Wierzbicki PM: Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 18: 5801-5810, 2019.
APA
Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz, A., Klacz, J., Matuszewski, M., Kmiec, Z., & Wierzbicki, P.M. (2019). Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 18, 5801-5810. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10919
MLA
Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz, A., Klacz, J., Matuszewski, M., Kmiec, Z., Wierzbicki, P. M."Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma". Oncology Letters 18.6 (2019): 5801-5810.
Chicago
Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz, A., Klacz, J., Matuszewski, M., Kmiec, Z., Wierzbicki, P. M."Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma". Oncology Letters 18, no. 6 (2019): 5801-5810. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10919
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz A, Klacz J, Matuszewski M, Kmiec Z and Wierzbicki PM: Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 18: 5801-5810, 2019.
APA
Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz, A., Klacz, J., Matuszewski, M., Kmiec, Z., & Wierzbicki, P.M. (2019). Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 18, 5801-5810. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10919
MLA
Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz, A., Klacz, J., Matuszewski, M., Kmiec, Z., Wierzbicki, P. M."Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma". Oncology Letters 18.6 (2019): 5801-5810.
Chicago
Kotulak‑Chrzaszcz, A., Klacz, J., Matuszewski, M., Kmiec, Z., Wierzbicki, P. M."Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway components in clear cell renal cell carcinoma". Oncology Letters 18, no. 6 (2019): 5801-5810. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10919
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team