Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
December-2019 Volume 18 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2019 Volume 18 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses

  • Authors:
    • Changhao Fu
    • Ning Zhou
    • Yuanyuan Zhao
    • Jinyue Duan
    • Hao Xu
    • Yi Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Fu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5897-5904
    |
    Published online on: October 2, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10952
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Increasing evidence supports the concept that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer progression and metastasis, therapy resistance and relapse. In addition to conventional therapies for colon cancer, the development of immunotherapies targeting cancer stem cells appears to be a promising strategy to suppress tumor recurrence and metastasis. In the present study, dendritic cells (DCs) were pulsed with whole‑tumor cell lysates or total RNA of CD44+ colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) isolated from mouse colon adenocarcinoma CT‑26 cell cultures and investigated for their antitumor immunity against CCSCs in vivo and in vitro. In a model of colon adenocarcinoma using BALB/c mice, a sequential reduction in tumor volume and weight was associated with an extended survival in tumor‑bearing mice vaccinated with DCs pulsed with RNA or CCSC lysate. In addition, a lactate dehydrogenase assay indicated that cytotoxic T‑cells derived from the treated mice exhibited strong cytotoxic activity. Additionally, an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the cytotoxic T‑cells of the treated mice released higher levels of interferon‑γ against CCSCs compared with those of the control group. In all experiments, the antitumor efficacy of the lysate‑pulsed DC‑treated and RNA‑pulsed DC‑treated groups were significantly higher compared with that of the DC‑treated and control groups. The results of the present study indicated the potential use of DCs pulsed with cancer stem cell lysates as a potent therapeutic antigen to target CSCs in colon cancer. Additionally, the results provided a rationale for using lysate‑pulsed DCs in vivo to eliminate residual tumor deposits in post‑operative patients.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

American Cancer Society, . Cancer Facts and Figures 2019. Atlanta: American Cancer Society;2019. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2019/cancer-facts-and-figures-2019.pdfFebruary 20–2019

2 

Van Cutsem E and Oliveira J: ESMO Guidelines Working Group: Advanced colorectal cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 20 (Suppl 4):S61–S63. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Wang T, Niu G, Kortylewski M, Burdelya L, Shain K, Zhang S, Bhattacharya R, Gabrilovich D, Heller R, Coppola D, et al: Regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses by Stat-3 signaling in tumor cells. Nat Med. 10:48–54. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Beatty GL and Gladney WL: Immune escape mechanisms as a guide for cancer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 21:687–692. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Camus M, Tosolini M, Mlecnik B, Pagès F, Kirilovsky A, Berger A, Costes A, Bindea G, Charoentong P, Bruneval P, et al: Coordination of intratumoral immune reaction and human colorectal cancer recurrence. Cancer Res. 69:2685–2693. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Baier PK, Wimmenauer S, Hirsch T, von Specht BU, von Kleist S, Keller H and Farthmann EH: Analysis of the T cell receptor variability of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal carcinomas. Tumour Biol. 19:205–212. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hsu FJ, Benike C, Fagnoni F, Liles TM, Czerwinski D, Taidi B, Engleman EG and Levy R: Vaccination of patients with B-cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. Nat Med. 2:52–58. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Rains N, Cannan RJ, Chen W and Stubbs RS: Development of a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine for patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 48:347–351. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Trombetta ES and Mellman I: Cell biology of antigen processing in vitro and in vivo. Annu Rev Immunol. 23:975–1028. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Datta J, Terhune JH, Lowenfeld L, Cintolo JA, Xu S, Roses RE and Czerniecki BJ: Optimizing dendritic cell-based approaches for cancer immunotherapy. Yale J Biol Med. 87:491–518. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Anguille S, Smits EL, Lion E, van Tendeloo VF and Berneman ZN: Clinical use of dendritic cells for cancer therapy. Lancet Oncol. 15:e257–e267. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wu YG, Wu GZ, Wang L, Zhang YY, Li Z and Li DC: Tumor cell lysate-pulsed dendritic cells induce a T cell response against colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. Med Oncol. 27:736–742. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Brown CE, Starr R, Martinez C, Aguilar B, D'Apuzzo M, Todorov I, Shih CC, Badie B, Hudecek M, Riddell SR and Jensen MC: Recognition and killing of brain tumor stem-like initiating cells by CD8+ cytolytic T cells. Cancer Res. 69:8886–8893. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Yang S, Darrow TL, Vervaert CE and Seigler HF: Immunotherapeutic potential of tumor antigen-pulsed and unpulsed dendritic cells generated from murine bone marrow. Cell Immunol. 179:84–95. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Vlashi E and Pajonk F: Cancer stem cells, cancer cell plasticity and radiation therapy. Semin Cancer Biol. 31:28–35. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Dawood S, Austin L and Cristofanilli M: Cancer stem cells: Implications for cancer therapy. Oncology (Williston Park). 28:1101–1107, 1110. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wang T, Shigdar S, Gantier MP, Hou Y, Wang L, Li Y, Shamaileh HA, Yin W, Zhou SF, Zhao X and Duan W: Cancer stem cell targeted therapy: Progress amid controversies. Oncotarget. 6:44191–44206. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Snyder V, Reed-Newman TC, Arnold L, Thomas SM and Anant S: Cancer stem cell metabolism and potential therapeutic targets. Front Oncol. 8:2032018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Liu KJ, Wang CC, Chen LT, Cheng AL, Lin DT, Wu YC, Yu WL, Hung YM, Yang HY, Juang SH, et al: Generation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific T-cell responses in HLA-A*0201 and HLA-A*2402 late-stage colorectal cancer patients after vaccination with dendritic cells loaded with CEA peptides. Clin Cancer Res. 10:2645–2651. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Hasegawa H, Mori M, Haraguchi M, Ueo H, Sugimachi K and Akiyoshi T: Expression spectrum of melanoma antigen-encoding gene family members in colorectal carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 122:551–554. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Park DI, Kang MS, Oh SJ, Kim HJ, Cho YK, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI, Han WK, Kim H, et al: HER-2/neu overexpression is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 22:491–497. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Chen Q, Cui XX, Liang PF, Dou JX, Liu ZY and Sun WW: Immunotherapy with dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells for MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells in nude mice. Am J Transl Res. 8:2947–2955. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Dashti A, Ebrahimi M, Hadjati J, Memarnejadian A and Moazzeni SM: Dendritic cell based immunotherapy using tumor stem cells mediates potent antitumor immune responses. Cancer Lett. 374:175–185. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Jachetti E, Mazzoleni S, Grioni M, Ricupito A, Brambillasca C, Generoso L, Calcinotto A, Freschi M, Mondino A, Galli R and Bellone M: Prostate cancer stem cells are targets of both innate and adaptive immunity and elicit tumor-specific immune responses. Oncoimmunology. 2:e245202013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhang XF, Weng DS, Pan K, Zhou ZQ, Pan QZ, Zhao JJ, Tang Y, Jiang SS, Chen CL, Li YQ, et al: Dendritic-cell-based immunotherapy evokes potent anti-tumor immune responses in CD105+ human renal cancer stem cells. Mol Carcinog. 56:2499–2511. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sun JC, Pan K, Chen MS, Wang QJ, Wang H, Ma HQ, Li YQ, Liang XT, Li JJ, Zhao JJ, et al: Dendritic cells-mediated CTLs targeting hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 10:368–375. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Li Q, Lu L, Tao H, Xue C, Teitz-Tennenbaum S, Owen JH, Moyer JS, Prince ME, Chang AE and Wicha MS: Generation of a novel dendritic-cell vaccine using melanoma and squamous cancer stem cells. J Vis Exp. e505612014.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Gilboa E: DC-based cancer vaccines. J Clin Invest. 117:1195–1203. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Fields RC, Shimizu K and Mulé JJ: Murine dendritic cells pulsed with whole tumor lysates mediate potent antitumor immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:9482–9487. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Boczkowski D, Nair SK, Snyder D and Gilboa E: Dendritic cells pulsed with RNA are potent antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Med. 184:465–472. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Nestle FO, Alijagic S, Gilliet M, Sun Y, Grabbe S, Dummer R, Burg G and Schadendorf D: Vaccination of melanoma patients with peptide- or tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Nat Med. 4:328–332. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ruben JM, van den Ancker W, Bontkes HJ, Westers TM, Hooijberg E, Ossenkoppele GJ, de Gruijl TD and van de Loosdrecht AA: Apoptotic blebs from leukemic cells as a preferred source of tumor-associated antigen for dendritic cell-based vaccines. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 63:335–345. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Rosenberg SA: Cancer vaccines based on the identification of genes encoding cancer regression antigens. Immunol Today. 18:175–182. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kyte JA and Gaudernack G: Immuno-gene therapy of cancer with tumor-mRNA transfected dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 55:1432–1442. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Nair SK, Boczkowski D, Morse M, Cumming RI, Lyerly HK and Gilboa E: Induction of primary carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro using human dendritic cells transfected with RNA. Nat Biotechnol. 16:364–369. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Pan K, Zhao JJ, Wang H, Li JJ, Liang XT, Sun JC, Chen YB, Ma HQ, Liu Q and Xia JC: Comparative analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response induced by dendritic cells loaded with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived RNA or cell lysate. Int J Biol Sci. 6:639–648. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Song Z, Guo C, Li Y, Tan B, Fan L and Xiao J: Enhanced antitumor effects of a dendritic cell vaccine transfected with gastric cancer cell total RNA carrying the 4-1BBL gene in vitro. Exp Ther Med. 3:319–323. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Van Tendeloo VF, Ponsaerts P, Lardon F, Nijs G, Lenjou M, Van Broeckhoven C, Van Bockstaele DR and Berneman ZN: Highly efficient gene delivery by mRNA electroporation in human hematopoietic cells: Superiority to lipofection and passive pulsing of mRNA and to electroporation of plasmid cDNA for tumor antigen loading of dendritic cells. Blood. 98:49–56. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Qui P, Ziegelhoffer P, Sun J and Yang NS: Gene gun delivery of mRNA in situ results in efficient transgene expression and genetic immunization. Gene Ther. 3:262–268. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Lutz MB, Kukutsch N, Ogilvie AL, Rössner S, Koch F, Romani N and Schuler G: An advanced culture method for generating large quantities of highly pure dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. J Immunol Methods. 223:77–92. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Schnurr M, Galambos P, Scholz C, Then F, Dauer M, Endres S and Eigler A: Tumor cell lysate-pulsed human dendritic cells induce a T-cell response against pancreatic carcinoma cells: An in vitro model for the assessment of tumor vaccines. Cancer Res. 61:6445–6450. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Jin L, Hope KJ, Zhai Q, Smadja-Joffe F and Dick JE: Targeting of CD44 eradicates human acute myeloid leukemic stem cells. Nat Med. 12:1167–1174. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Dalerba P, Dylla SJ, Park IK, Liu R, Wang X, Cho RW, Hoey T, Gurney A, Huang EH, Simeone DM, et al: Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:10158–10163. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Du L, Wang H, He L, Zhang J, Ni B, Wang X, Jin H, Cahuzac N, Mehrpour M, Lu Y and Chen Q: CD44 is of functional importance for colorectal cancer stem cells. Clin Cancer Res. 14:6751–6760. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Janikashvili N, Larmonier N and Katsanis E: Personalized dendritic cell-based tumor immunotherapy. Immunotherapy. 2:57–68. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Aarntzen EH, Figdor CG, Adema GJ, Punt CJ and de Vries IJ: Dendritic cell vaccination and immune monitoring. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 57:1559–1568. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Nestle FO, Farkas A and Conrad C: Dendritic-cell-based therapeutic vaccination against cancer. Curr Opin Immunol. 17:163–169. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Tuyaerts S, Aerts JL, Corthals J, Neyns B, Heirman C, Breckpot K, Thielemans K and Bonehill A: Current approaches in dendritic cell generation and future implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 56:1513–1537. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Kokhaei P, Choudhury A, Mahdian R, Lundin J, Moshfegh A, Osterborg A and Mellstedt H: Apoptotic tumor cells are superior to tumor cell lysate, and tumor cell RNA in induction of autologous T cell response in B-CLL. Leukemia. 18:1810–1815. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Junking M, Grainok J, Thepmalee C, Wongkham S and Yenchitsomanus PT: Enhanced cytotoxic activity of effector T-cells against cholangiocarcinoma by dendritic cells pulsed with pooled mRNA. Tumour Biol. 39:10104283177333672017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Tyagi RK, Mangal S, Garg N and Sharma PK: RNA-based immunotherapy of cancer: Role and therapeutic implications of dendritic cells. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 9:97–114. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Fu C, Zhou N, Zhao Y, Duan J, Xu H and Wang Y: Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses. Oncol Lett 18: 5897-5904, 2019.
APA
Fu, C., Zhou, N., Zhao, Y., Duan, J., Xu, H., & Wang, Y. (2019). Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses. Oncology Letters, 18, 5897-5904. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10952
MLA
Fu, C., Zhou, N., Zhao, Y., Duan, J., Xu, H., Wang, Y."Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses". Oncology Letters 18.6 (2019): 5897-5904.
Chicago
Fu, C., Zhou, N., Zhao, Y., Duan, J., Xu, H., Wang, Y."Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses". Oncology Letters 18, no. 6 (2019): 5897-5904. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10952
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Fu C, Zhou N, Zhao Y, Duan J, Xu H and Wang Y: Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses. Oncol Lett 18: 5897-5904, 2019.
APA
Fu, C., Zhou, N., Zhao, Y., Duan, J., Xu, H., & Wang, Y. (2019). Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses. Oncology Letters, 18, 5897-5904. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10952
MLA
Fu, C., Zhou, N., Zhao, Y., Duan, J., Xu, H., Wang, Y."Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses". Oncology Letters 18.6 (2019): 5897-5904.
Chicago
Fu, C., Zhou, N., Zhao, Y., Duan, J., Xu, H., Wang, Y."Dendritic cells loaded with CD44+ CT‑26 colon cell lysate evoke potent antitumor immune responses". Oncology Letters 18, no. 6 (2019): 5897-5904. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10952
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team