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Article

Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner

  • Authors:
    • Yu Kyeong Han
    • Ga‑Young Park
    • Min Ji Bae
    • Joong Sun Kim
    • Wol Soon Jo
    • Chang Geun Lee
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiation Biology, Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea, K‑Herbal Medicinal Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 6269-6274
    |
    Published online on: October 14, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10986
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Abstract

Hypoxia is associated with resistance to anticancer therapies. Additionally, it is involved in the immune evasion of cancer cells by inducing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, the role of hypoxia in modulating the immunogenicity of cancer cells remains unknown. Hypoxia is known to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which serves a key role in inducing the cell surface exposure of calreticulin, a marker of immunogenic cell death. The present study investigated whether hypoxia influenced the immunogenicity of cancer cells using FACS, western blot analysis and syngenic mouse tumor model. The results revealed that hypoxia induced the cell surface exposure of calreticulin in human and mouse breast cancer cell lines depending on ER stress. Enhanced cell surface exposure of calreticulin induced by hypoxia resulted in an increase in anticancer immunity in a mouse model, which suggested that hypoxia induced immunogenic cell death. Notably, hypoxia did not significantly modulate the cell surface exposure of CD47, an antagonist of calreticulin function in cancer immunogenicity. These results suggest that hypoxia may enhance the immunogenicity of cancer cells themselves, in addition to its role in inducing an immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Han YK, Park GY, Bae MJ, Kim JS, Jo WS and Lee CG: Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner. Oncol Lett 18: 6269-6274, 2019.
APA
Han, Y.K., Park, G., Bae, M.J., Kim, J.S., Jo, W.S., & Lee, C.G. (2019). Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner. Oncology Letters, 18, 6269-6274. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10986
MLA
Han, Y. K., Park, G., Bae, M. J., Kim, J. S., Jo, W. S., Lee, C. G."Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner". Oncology Letters 18.6 (2019): 6269-6274.
Chicago
Han, Y. K., Park, G., Bae, M. J., Kim, J. S., Jo, W. S., Lee, C. G."Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner". Oncology Letters 18, no. 6 (2019): 6269-6274. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10986
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han YK, Park GY, Bae MJ, Kim JS, Jo WS and Lee CG: Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner. Oncol Lett 18: 6269-6274, 2019.
APA
Han, Y.K., Park, G., Bae, M.J., Kim, J.S., Jo, W.S., & Lee, C.G. (2019). Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner. Oncology Letters, 18, 6269-6274. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10986
MLA
Han, Y. K., Park, G., Bae, M. J., Kim, J. S., Jo, W. S., Lee, C. G."Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner". Oncology Letters 18.6 (2019): 6269-6274.
Chicago
Han, Y. K., Park, G., Bae, M. J., Kim, J. S., Jo, W. S., Lee, C. G."Hypoxia induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells by enhancing the exposure of cell surface calreticulin in an endoplasmic reticulum stress‑dependent manner". Oncology Letters 18, no. 6 (2019): 6269-6274. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10986
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