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Article

Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Maiko Yoshida
    • Hiroyuki Ogino
    • Hiromitsu Iwata
    • Yukiko Hattori
    • Shingo Hashimoto
    • Koichiro Nakajima
    • Shigeru Sasaki
    • Masaki Hara
    • Yoshitaka Sekido
    • Jun‑Etsu Mizoe
    • Yuta Shibamoto
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 462‑8508, Japan, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 462‑8508, Japan, Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464‑8681, Japan, Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
  • Pages: 3026-3034
    |
    Published online on: January 11, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9922
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Abstract

Transient increases in α‑fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II (PIVKA‑II), so‑called flares, are frequently observed after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, changes in AFP and PIVKA‑II levels after proton therapy (PT), and the relationship between the flare phenomenon and clinical response were investigated. In 82 patients with stage I/II HCC (59 with no recurrence and 23 with out‑of‑field recurrence within 1 year), serum AFP and PIVKA‑II levels were measured at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post‑PT. AFP and PIVKA‑II flares were defined as a >20% increase from the preceding serum level above 20 ng/ml (AFP) or 40 mAU/ml (PIVKA‑II), followed by a >20% drop. Among the 59 patients with no recurrence, 3 (5.1%) had an AFP flare, while 23 (39%) had a PIVKA‑II flare. The median time to AFP and PIVKA‑II flare peaks was 1 and 6 months, respectively. In 4 patients, PIVKA‑II flares were observed twice during follow‑up. In 1 patient, AFP and PIVKA‑II flares were observed simultaneously at 1 month post‑PT. The PIVKA‑II level pre‑PT was significantly higher in the PIVKA‑II flare‑positive group compared with that in the flare‑negative group (P=0.015, odds ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval, 1.3‑14.0). In the 23 patients with out‑of‑field recurrence, the median increase rate of PIVKA‑II (203%) was higher than that in the PIVKA‑II‑flare‑positive group (111%, P=0.035) and the time to recurrence (median, 9 months) was longer than the time to peak AFP level (1 month) in the AFP‑flare‑positive group (P=0.033). There was no significant association between flares and clinical response. Increases in AFP and PIVKA‑II levels following PT should be assessed with caution to avoid misinterpretation of therapeutic outcome.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yoshida M, Ogino H, Iwata H, Hattori Y, Hashimoto S, Nakajima K, Sasaki S, Hara M, Sekido Y, Mizoe JE, Mizoe JE, et al: Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 17: 3026-3034, 2019.
APA
Yoshida, M., Ogino, H., Iwata, H., Hattori, Y., Hashimoto, S., Nakajima, K. ... Shibamoto, Y. (2019). Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 17, 3026-3034. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9922
MLA
Yoshida, M., Ogino, H., Iwata, H., Hattori, Y., Hashimoto, S., Nakajima, K., Sasaki, S., Hara, M., Sekido, Y., Mizoe, J., Shibamoto, Y."Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncology Letters 17.3 (2019): 3026-3034.
Chicago
Yoshida, M., Ogino, H., Iwata, H., Hattori, Y., Hashimoto, S., Nakajima, K., Sasaki, S., Hara, M., Sekido, Y., Mizoe, J., Shibamoto, Y."Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncology Letters 17, no. 3 (2019): 3026-3034. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9922
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yoshida M, Ogino H, Iwata H, Hattori Y, Hashimoto S, Nakajima K, Sasaki S, Hara M, Sekido Y, Mizoe JE, Mizoe JE, et al: Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 17: 3026-3034, 2019.
APA
Yoshida, M., Ogino, H., Iwata, H., Hattori, Y., Hashimoto, S., Nakajima, K. ... Shibamoto, Y. (2019). Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 17, 3026-3034. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9922
MLA
Yoshida, M., Ogino, H., Iwata, H., Hattori, Y., Hashimoto, S., Nakajima, K., Sasaki, S., Hara, M., Sekido, Y., Mizoe, J., Shibamoto, Y."Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncology Letters 17.3 (2019): 3026-3034.
Chicago
Yoshida, M., Ogino, H., Iwata, H., Hattori, Y., Hashimoto, S., Nakajima, K., Sasaki, S., Hara, M., Sekido, Y., Mizoe, J., Shibamoto, Y."Transient increases in serum α fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II levels following proton therapy does not necessarily indicate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncology Letters 17, no. 3 (2019): 3026-3034. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9922
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