Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
March-2019 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2019 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Michael Higgins
    • Ismael Obaidi
    • Tara McMorrow
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
    Copyright: © Higgins et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3041-3047
    |
    Published online on: January 17, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9942
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Primary cilia are microtubule‑based organelles that are expressed on almost all mammalian cells. It has become apparent that these structures are important signaling hubs that serve crucial roles in Wnt, hedgehog, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Notch signaling pathways. A number of diseases have been found to involve dysfunctional primary cilia; collectively these diseases are called ciliopathies. In recent years, there has been more focus on the association between primary cilia and cancer, including renal, pancreatic and breast cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various types of cancer cells fail to express cilia. Notably, it has also been indicated that a number of renal carcinogens induce a significant loss of cilia in renal epithelial cells. The present review focuses on the existing literature regarding primary cilia and their involvement with cancer signaling pathways, providing a brief overview of the structural features and functions of primary cilia, then discussing the evidence associating primary cilia with cancer, and presenting the available information on the ERK/MAPK, hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways, and their involvement in primary cilia in association with cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Gluenz E, Höög JL, Smith AE, Dawe HR, Shaw MK and Gull K: Beyond 9+0: Noncanonical axoneme structures characterize sensory cilia from protists to humans. FASEB J. 24:3117–3121. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Lattao R, Kovács L and Glover DM: The centrioles, centrosomes, basal bodies, and cilia of drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 206:33–53. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Archer FL and Wheatley DN: Cilia in cell-cultured fibroblasts. II. Incidence in mitotic and post-mitotic BHK 21-C13 fibroblasts. J Anat. 109:277–292. 1971.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Goto H, Inoko A and Inagaki M: Cell cycle progression by the repression of primary cilia formation in proliferating cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 70:3893–3905. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Pugacheva EN, Jablonski SA, Hartman TR, Henske EP and Golemis EA: HEF1-dependent Aurora A activation induces disassembly of the primary cilium. Cell. 129:1351–1363. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Cole DG, Diener DR, Himelblau AL, Beech PL, Fuster JC and Rosenbaum JL: Chlamydomonas kinesin-II-dependent intraflagellar transport (IFT): IFT particles contain proteins required for ciliary assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons. J Cell Biol. 141:993–1008. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Lechtreck KF: IFT-cargo interactions and protein transport in cilia. Trends Biochem Sci. 40:765–778. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Lancaster MA and Gleeson JG: The primary cilium as a cellular signaling center: Lessons from disease. Curr opin in Genet Dev. 19:220–229. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Grisanti L, Revenkova E, Gordon RE and Iomini C: Primary cilia maintain corneal epithelial homeostasis by regulation of the Notch signaling pathway. Development. 143:2160–2171. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Rohatgi R, Milenkovic L and Scott MP: Patched1 regulates hedgehog signaling at the primary cilium. Science. 317:372–376. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

May-Simera HL and Kelley MW: Cilia, Wnt signaling, and the cytoskeleton. Cilia. 1:72012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Corbit KC, Shyer AE, Dowdle WE, Gaulden J, Singla V, Chen MH, Chuang PT and Reiter JF: Kif3a constrains beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling through dual ciliary and non-ciliary mechanisms. Nat Cell Biol. 10:70–76. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Wong SY, Seol AD, So PL, Ermilov AN, Bichakjian CK, Epstein EH Jr, Dlugosz AA and Reiter JF: Primary cilia can both mediate and suppress Hedgehog pathway-dependent tumorigenesis. Nat Med. 15:1055–1061. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Corbit KC, Aanstad P, Singla V, Norman AR, Stainier DY and Reiter JF: Vertebrate smoothened functions at the primary cilium. Nature. 437:1018–1021. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Nozawa YI, Lin C and Chuang PT: Hedgehog signaling from the primary cilium to the nucleus: An emerging picture of ciliary localization, trafficking and transduction. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 23:429–437. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ezratty EJ, Stokes N, Chai S, Shah AS, Williams SE and Fuchs E: A role for the primary cilium in Notch signaling and epidermal differentiation during skin development. Cell. 145:1129–1141. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Vladar EK, Antic D and Axelrod JD: Planar cell polarity signaling: The developing cell's compass. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Bio. 1:a0029642009.

18 

Patel V, Li L, Cobo-Stark P, Shao X, Somlo S, Lin F and Igarashi P: Acute kidney injury and aberrant planar cell polarity induce cyst formation in mice lacking renal cilia. Hum Mol Genet. 17:1578–1590. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Tan AY, Blumenfeld J, Michaeel A, Donahue S, Bobb W, Parker T, Levine D and Rennert H: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease caused by somatic and germline mosaicism. Clin Genet. 87:373–377. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Hajj P, Ferlicot S, Massoud W, Awad A, Hammoudi Y, Charpentier B, Durrbach A, Droupy S and Benoît G: Prevalence of renal cell carcinoma in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and chronic renal failure. Urology. 74:631–634. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Yoder BK, Hou X and Guay-Woodford LM: The polycystic kidney disease proteins, polycystin-1, polycystin-2, polaris, and cystin, are co-localized in renal cilia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:2508–2516. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Tory K, Lacoste T, Burglen L, Morinière V, Boddaert N, Macher MA, Llanas B, Nivet H, Bensman A, Niaudet P, et al: High NPHP1 and NPHP6 mutation rate in patients with Joubert syndrome and nephronophthisis: Potential epistatic effect of NPHP6 and AHI1 mutations in patients with NPHP1 mutations. J Am Soc Nephrol. 18:1566–1575. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Forsythe E and Beales PL: Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 21:8–13. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Waters AM and Beales PL: Ciliopathies: An expanding disease spectrum. Pediatr Nephrol. 26:1039–1056. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Cortes CR, Metzis V and Wicking C: Unmasking the ciliopathies: Craniofacial defects and the primary cilium. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 4:637–653. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Jones C and Chen P: Primary cilia in planar cell polarity regulation of the inner ear. Curr Top Dev Biol. 85:197–224. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Pazour GJ, Dickert BL, Vucica Y, Seeley ES, Rosenbaum JL, Witman GB and Cole DG: Chlamydomonas IFT88 and its mouse homologue, polycystic kidney disease gene tg737, are required for assembly of cilia and flagella. J Cell Biol. 151:709–718. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Robert A, Margall-Ducos G, Guidotti JE, Brégerie O, Celati C, Bréchot C and Desdouets C: The intraflagellar transport component IFT88/polaris is a centrosomal protein regulating G1-S transition in non-ciliated cells. J Cell Sci. 120:628–637. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Inaba H, Goto H, Kasahara K, Kumamoto K, Yonemura S, Inoko A, Yamano S, Wanibuchi H, He D, Goshima N, et al: Ndel1 suppresses ciliogenesis in proliferating cells by regulating the trichoplein-Aurora A pathway. J Cell Biol. 212:409–423. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Maskey D, Marlin MC, Kim S, Kim S, Ong EC, Li G and Tsiokas L: Cell cycle-dependent ubiquitylation and destruction of NDE1 by CDK5-FBW7 regulates ciliary length. EMBO J. 34:2424–2440. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kim S, Zaghloul NA, Bubenshchikova E, Oh EC, Rankin S, Katsanis N, Obara T and Tsiokas L: Nde1-mediated inhibition of ciliogenesis affects cell cycle re-entry. Nat Cell Biol. 13:351–360. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Seeley ES, Carrière C, Goetze T, Longnecker DS and Korc M: Pancreatic cancer and precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions are devoid of primary cilia. Cancer Res. 69:422–430. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Basten SG, Willekers S, Vermaat JS, Slaats GG, Voest EE, van Diest PJ and Giles RH: Reduced cilia frequencies in human renal cell carcinomas versus neighboring parenchymal tissue. Cilia. 2:22013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Arjumand W and Sultana S: Role of VHL gene mutation in human renal cell carcinoma. Tumor Biol. 33:9–16. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Esteban MA, Harten SK, Tran MG and Maxwell PH: Formation of primary cilia in the renal epithelium is regulated by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein. J Am Soc Nephrol. 17:1801–1806. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Snedecor ER, Sung CC, Moncayo A, Rothstein BE, Mockler DC, Tonnesen MG, Jones EC, Fujita M, Clark RA, Shroyer KR and Chen J: Loss of primary cilia in melanoma cells is likely independent of proliferation and cell cycle progression. J Invest Dermatol. 135:1456–1458. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Chefetz I, Holmberg JC, Alvero AB, Visintin I and Mor G: Inhibition of Aurora-A kinase induces cell cycle arrest in epithelial ovarian cancer stem cells by affecting NFkB pathway. Cell Cycle. 10:2206–2214. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Egeberg DL, Lethan M, Manguso R, Schneider L, Awan A, Jørgensen TS, Byskov AG, Pedersen LB and Christensen ST: Primary cilia and aberrant cell signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cilia. 1:152012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Emoto K, Masugi Y, Yamazaki K, Effendi K, Tsujikawa H, Tanabe M, Kitagawa Y and Sakamoto M: Presence of primary cilia in cancer cells correlates with prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol. 45:817–825. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Yuan K, Frolova N, Xie Y, Wang D, Cook L, Kwon YJ, Steg AD, Serra R and Frost AR: Primary cilia are decreased in breast cancer: Analysis of a collection of human breast cancer cell lines and tissues. J Histochem Cytochem. 58:857–870. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Dhillon AS, Hagan S, Rath O and Kolch W: MAP Kinase signaling pathways in cancer. Oncogene. 26:3279–3290. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Burotto M, Chiou VL, Lee JM and Kohn EC: The MAPK pathway across different malignancies: A new perspective. Cancer. 120:3446–3456. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Deschenes-Simard X, Gaumont-Leclerc MF, Bourdeau V, Lessard F, Moiseeva O, Forest V, Igelmann S, Mallette FA, Saba-El-Leil MK, Meloche S, et al: Tumor suppressor activity of the ERK/MAPK pathway by promoting selective protein degradation. Genes Dev. 27:900–915. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Wagner EF and Nebreda AR: Signal integration by JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in cancer development. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:537–549. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Sanchez-Perez I, Murguia JR and Perona R: Cisplatin induces a persistent activation of JNK that is related to cell death. Oncogene. 16:533–540. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Dhanasekaran DN and Reddy EP: JNK signaling in apoptosis. Oncogene. 27:6245–6251. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Chen N, She QB, Bode AM and Dong Z: Differential gene expression profiles of Jnk1- and Jnk2-deficient murine fibroblast cells. Cancer Res. 62:1300–1304. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

48 

Radford R, Slattery C, Jennings P, Blacque O, Pfaller W, Gmuender H, Van Delft J, Ryan MP and McMorrow T: Carcinogens induce loss of the primary cilium in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells independently of effects on the cell cycle. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 302:F905–F916. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Wang SX, Wei Q, Dong G and Dong Z: ERK-mediated suppression of cilia in cisplatin-induced tubular cell apoptosis and acute kidney injury. Biochim Biophys Act. 1832:1582–1590. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Kim JI, Kim J, Jang HS, Noh MR, Lipschutz JH and Park KM: Reduction of oxidative stress during recovery accelerates normalization of primary cilia length that is altered after ischemic injury in murine kidneys. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 304:F1283–F1294. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Schneider L, Clement CA, Teilmann SC, Pazour GJ, Hoffmann EK, Satir P and Christensen ST: PDGFRalphaalpha signaling is regulated through the primary cilium in fibroblasts. Curr Biol. 15:1861–1866. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Goetz SC, Ocbina PJ and Anderson KV: The primary cilium as a Hedgehog signal transduction machine. Methods cell biol. 94:199–222. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Hassounah NB, Bunch TA and McDermott KM: Molecular pathways: The role of primary cilia in cancer progression and therapeutics with a focus on Hedgehog signaling. Clin Cancer Res. 18:2429–2435. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Han YG, Kim HJ, Dlugosz AA, Ellison DW, Gilbertson RJ and Alvarez-Buylla A: Dual and opposing roles of primary cilia in medulloblastoma development. Nat Med. 15:1062–1065. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Wissmann C, Wild PJ, Kaiser S, Roepcke S, Stoehr R, Woenckhaus M, Kristiansen G, Hsieh JC, Hofstaedter F, Hartmann A, et al: WIF1, a component of the Wnt pathway, is down-regulated in prostate, breast, lung, and bladder cancer. J Pathol. 201:204–212. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

MacDonald BT, Tamai K and He X: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling: Components, mechanisms and diseases. Dev cell. 17:9–26. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Polakis P: Wnt signaling in cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 4:a0080522012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Khramtsov AI, Khramtsova GF, Tretiakova M, Huo D, Olopade OI and Goss KH: Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation is enriched in basal-like breast cancers and predicts poor outcome. Am J Pathol. 176:2911–2920. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Lancaster MA, Louie CM, Silhavy JL, Sintasath L, Decambre M, Nigam SK, Willert K and Gleeson JG: Impaired Wnt-beta-catenin signaling disrupts adult renal homeostasis and leads to cystic kidney ciliopathy. Nat Med. 15:1046–1054. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Eley L, Gabrielides C, Adams M, Johnson CA, Hildebrandt F and Sayer JA: Jouberin localizes to collecting ducts and interacts with nephrocystin-1. Kidney Int. 74:1139–1149. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Rodriguez-Boulan E and Macara IG: Organization and execution of the epithelial polarity programme. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15:225–242. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Macara IG, Guyer R, Richardson G, Huo Y and Ahmed SM: Epithelial homeostasis. Curr Biol. 24:815–825. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Saburi S, Hester I, Fischer E, Pontoglio M, Eremina V, Gessler M, Quaggin SE, Harrison R, Mount R and McNeill H: Loss of Fat4 disrupts PCP signaling and oriented cell division and leads to cystic kidney disease. Nat Genet. 40:1010–1015. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Simons M, Gloy J, Ganner A, Bullerkotte A, Bashkurov M, Krönig C, Schermer B, Benzing T, Cabello OA, Jenny A, et al: Inversin, the gene product mutated in nephronophthisis type II, functions as a molecular switch between Wnt signaling pathways. Nat Genet. 37:537–543. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Nguyen AM and Jacobs CR: Emerging role of primary cilia as mechanosensors in osteocyte. Bone. 54:196–204. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Otto EA, Schermer B, Obara T, O'Toole JF, Hiller KS, Mueller AM, Ruf RG, Hoefele J, Beekmann F, Landau D, et al: Mutations in INVS encoding inversin cause nephronophthisis type 2, linking renal cystic disease to the function of primary cilia and left-right axis determination. Nat Genet. 34:413–420. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Higgins M, Obaidi I and McMorrow T: Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 17: 3041-3047, 2019.
APA
Higgins, M., Obaidi, I., & McMorrow, T. (2019). Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review). Oncology Letters, 17, 3041-3047. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9942
MLA
Higgins, M., Obaidi, I., McMorrow, T."Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review)". Oncology Letters 17.3 (2019): 3041-3047.
Chicago
Higgins, M., Obaidi, I., McMorrow, T."Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review)". Oncology Letters 17, no. 3 (2019): 3041-3047. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9942
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Higgins M, Obaidi I and McMorrow T: Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 17: 3041-3047, 2019.
APA
Higgins, M., Obaidi, I., & McMorrow, T. (2019). Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review). Oncology Letters, 17, 3041-3047. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9942
MLA
Higgins, M., Obaidi, I., McMorrow, T."Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review)". Oncology Letters 17.3 (2019): 3041-3047.
Chicago
Higgins, M., Obaidi, I., McMorrow, T."Primary cilia and their role in cancer (Review)". Oncology Letters 17, no. 3 (2019): 3041-3047. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.9942
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team