Open Access

Current progress and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zhu Zeng
    • Biao Yang
    • Zheng-Yin Liao
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 24, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11909
  • Article Number: 45
  • Copyright: © Zeng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

In recent years, the incidence of liver cancer has increased and is currently the sixth most common tumor and the second leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide. Most cases of liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Surgery, including liver transplantation or resection, and radiofrequency ablation therapies are all considered to be the curative treatment options for early‑stage HCC. However, most patients have advanced HCC at the time of diagnosis, contributing to a poor prognosis. Therefore, improved treatment for late‑stage HCC is needed. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), among which programmed death receptor 1 (PD‑1)/PD‑ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‑associated protein 4 are the representative immunological checkpoints, have shown great promise and progress for HCC treatment. The present review summarizes recent studies that have focused on ICIs and discusses the present limitations affecting the development of new therapeutic strategies.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

October-2020
Volume 20 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zeng Z, Yang B and Liao Z: Current progress and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 20: 45, 2020
APA
Zeng, Z., Yang, B., & Liao, Z. (2020). Current progress and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncology Letters, 20, 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11909
MLA
Zeng, Z., Yang, B., Liao, Z."Current progress and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 20.4 (2020): 45.
Chicago
Zeng, Z., Yang, B., Liao, Z."Current progress and prospect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 20, no. 4 (2020): 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11909