Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 20 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent

  • Authors:
    • Sofia Jade U. Saguyod
    • Iad Alhallak
    • Rosalia C.Μ. Simmen
    • Michael C. Velarde
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, PH 1101, Philippines, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
    Copyright: © Saguyod et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 249
    |
    Published online on: September 17, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12112
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Metformin (MET) constitutes the first‑line treatment against type 2 diabetes. Growing evidence linking insulin resistance and cancer risk has expanded the therapeutic potential of MET to several cancer types. However, the oncostatic mechanisms of MET are not well understood. MET has been shown to promote the expression of progesterone receptor (PGR) and other antitumor biomarkers in patients with non‑diabetic endometrial cancer (EC) and in Ishikawa EC cells cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mM) media. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of MET on EC cells under conditions simulating diabetes. Ishikawa cells treated with 10 nM 17β‑estradiol (E2) and/or 100 µM MET and exposed to normal and high (17.5 mM) concentrations of glucose were evaluated for proliferative and PGR expression status. Under normal glucose conditions, MET attenuated E2‑induced cell proliferation and cyclin D1 gene expression, and increased total PGR and PGR‑B transcript levels. MET inhibited Ishikawa cell spheroid formation only in the absence of E2 treatment. In E2‑treated cells under high glucose conditions, MET showed no effects on cell proliferation and spheroid formation, and increased total PGR but not PGR‑B transcript levels. Transfection with Krüppel‑like factor 9 small interfering RNA increased PGR‑A transcript levels, irrespective of glucose environment. Medroxyprogesterone acetate downregulated PGR‑A expression more effectively with metformin under high compared with normal glucose conditions. To evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying the targeting of PGR by MET, E2‑treated cells were incubated with MET and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, or with the AMPK activator 5‑aminoimidazole‑4‑carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), under normal glucose conditions. Compound C abrogated the effects of MET on PGR‑B while AICAR increased PGR‑B transcript levels, albeit less effectively compared with MET. The present results demonstrate the glucose‑dependent effects of MET on PGR‑B isoform expression, which may inform the response to progestin therapy in diabetic women with EC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

View References

1 

Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, et al: SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2017, based on November 2019 SEER data submission. National Cancer Institute; Bethesda, MD: 2020, https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2017/April 15–2020

2 

Friberg E, Mantzoros CS and Wolk A: Diabetes and risk of endometrial cancer: A population-based prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 16:276–280. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kitson SJ, Evans DG and Crosbie EJ: Identifying high-risk women for endometrial cancer prevention strategies: Proposal of an endometrial cancer risk prediction model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 10:1–13. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ohkuma T, Peters SAE and Woodward M: Sex differences in the association between diabetes and cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 121 cohorts including 20 million individuals and one million events. Diabetologia. 61:2140–2154. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K, et al IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee, : Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 157:1078432019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Acuin C, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Aguilar-Salinas CA, et al NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), : Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 390:2627–2642. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Roshan MH, Shing YK and Pace NP: Metformin as an adjuvant in breast cancer treatment. SAGE Open Med. 7:20503121198651142019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Davies G, Lobanova L, Dawicki W, Groot G, Gordon JR, Bowen M, Harkness T and Arnason T: Metformin inhibits the development, and promotes the resensitization, of treatment-resistant breast cancer. PLoS One. 12:e01871912017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Shi P, Liu W, Tala, Wang H, Li F, Zhang H, Wu Y, Kong Y, Zhou Z, Wang C, et al: Metformin suppresses triple-negative breast cancer stem cells by targeting KLF5 for degradation. Cell Discov. 3:170102017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Varghese S, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Kubatka P and Büsselberg D: High Glucose Represses the Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Metformin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules. 9:162019. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Ariaans G, Jalving M, Vries EG and Jong S: Anti-tumor effects of everolimus and metformin are complementary and glucose-dependent in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer. 17:2322017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Oliveras-Ferraros C, Vazquez-Martin A, Cuyàs E, Corominas-Faja B, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Martin-Castillo B, Joven J and Menendez JA: Acquired resistance to metformin in breast cancer cells triggers transcriptome reprogramming toward a degradome-related metastatic stem-like profile. Cell Cycle. 13:1132–1144. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Pabona JMP, Burnett AF, Brown DM, Quick CM, Simmen FA, Montales MTE, Liu SJ, Rose T, Alhallak I, Siegel ER, et al: Metformin Promotes Anti-tumor Biomarkers in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells. Reprod Sci. 27:267–277. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Soliman PT, Zhang Q, Broaddus RR, Westin SN, Iglesias D, Munsell MF, Schmandt R, Yates M, Ramondetta L and Lu KH: Prospective evaluation of the molecular effects of metformin on the endometrium in women with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer: A window of opportunity study. Gynecol Oncol. 143:466–471. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Laskov I, Drudi L, Beauchamp M-C, Yasmeen A, Ferenczy A, Pollak M and Gotlieb WH: Anti-diabetic doses of metformin decrease proliferation markers in tumors of patients with endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 134:607–614. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Caillé G, Lacasse Y, Raymond M, Landriault H, Perrotta M, Picirilli G, Thiffault J and Spénard J: Bioavailability of metformin in tablet form using a new high pressure liquid chromatography assay method. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 14:257–263. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wilcock C and Bailey CJ: Accumulation of metformin by tissues of the normal and diabetic mouse. Xenobiotica. 24:49–57. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Martin-Castillo B, Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C and Menendez JA: Metformin and cancer: Doses, mechanisms and the dandelion and hormetic phenomena. Cell Cycle. 9:1057–1064. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Pabona JM, Simmen FA, Nikiforov MA, Zhuang D, Shankar K, Velarde MC, Zelenko Z, Giudice LC and Simmen RC: Krüppel-like factor 9 and progesterone receptor coregulation of decidualizing endometrial stromal cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97:E376–E392. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Δ Δ C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Simmons CD, Pabona JM, Heard ME, Friedman TM, Spataro MT, Godley AL, Simmen FA, Burnett AF and Simmen RC: Krüppel-like factor 9 loss-of-expression in human endometrial carcinoma links altered expression of growth-regulatory genes with aberrant proliferative response to estrogen. Biol Reprod. 85:378–385. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Liu Z, Qi S, Zhao X, Li M, Ding S, Lu J and Zhang H: Metformin inhibits 17β-estradiol-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via βKlotho-related ERK1/2 signaling and AMPKα signaling in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget. 7:21315–21331. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Zhang J, Xu H, Zhou X, Li Y, Liu T, Yin X and Zhang B: Role of metformin in inhibiting estrogen-induced proliferation and regulating ERα and ERβ expression in human endometrial cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 14:4949–4956. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Deane JA, Cousins FL and Gargett CE: Endometrial organoids: in vitro models for endometrial research and personalized medicine. Biol Reprod. 97:781–783. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Kitson SJ, Rosser M, Fischer DP, Marshall KM, Clarke RB and Crosbie EJ: Targeting endometrial cancer stem cell activity with metformin is inhibited by patient-derived adipocyte-secreted factors. Cancers (Basel). 11:6532019. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Hirsch HA, Iliopoulos D, Tsichlis PN and Struhl K: Metformin selectively targets cancer stem cells, and acts together with chemotherapy to block tumor growth and prolong remission. Cancer Res. 69:7507–7511. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Velarde MC, Zeng Z, McQuown JR, Simmen FA and Simmen RCM: Kruppel-like factor 9 is a negative regulator of ligand-dependent estrogen receptor α signaling in Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Endocrinol. 21:2988–3001. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kim JJ and Chapman-Davis E: Role of progesterone in endometrial cancer. Semin Reprod Med. 28:81–90. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Park JY, Guo D, Liao H, Yi X, Zheng Y, Zhang D, Chambers SK, et al: Mechanism of progestin resistance in endometrial precancer/cancer through Nrf2-AKR1C1 pathway. Oncotarget. 7:10363–10372. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Cantrell LA, Zhou C, Mendivil A, Malloy KM, Gehrig PA and Bae-Jump VL: Metformin is a potent inhibitor of endometrial cancer cell proliferation--implications for a novel treatment strategy. Gynecol Oncol. 116:92–98. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Hanna RK, Zhou C, Malloy KM, Sun L, Zhong Y, Gehrig PA and Bae-Jump VL: Metformin potentiates the effects of paclitaxel in endometrial cancer cells through inhibition of cell proliferation and modulation of the mTOR pathway. Gynecol Oncol. 125:458–469. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Viollet B, Guigas B, Sanz Garcia N, Leclerc J, Foretz M and Andreelli F: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: An overview. Clin Sci (Lond). 122:253–270. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, Wu M, Ventre J, Doebber T, Fujii N, et al: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest. 108:1167–1174. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Corton JM, Gillespie JG, Hawley SA and Hardie DG: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside. A specific method for activating AMP-activated protein kinase in intact cells? Eur J Biochem. 229:558–565. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Carvalho MJ, Laranjo M, Abrantes AM, Casalta-Lopes J, Sarmento-Santos D, Costa T, Serambeque B, Almeida N, Gonçalves T, Mamede C, et al: Endometrial Cancer Spheres Show Cancer Stem Cells Phenotype and Preference for Oxidative Metabolism. Pathol Oncol Res. 25:1163–1174. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

de Barros Machado A, Dos Reis V, Weber S, Jauckus J, Brum IS, von Eye Corleta H, Strowitzki T, Capp E and Germeyer A: Proliferation and metastatic potential of endometrial cancer cells in response to metformin treatment in a high versus normal glucose environment. Oncol Lett. 12:3626–3632. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Hu T, Chung YM, Guan M, Ma M, Ma J, Berek JS and Hu MCT: Reprogramming ovarian and breast cancer cells into non-cancerous cells by low-dose metformin or SN-38 through FOXO3 activation. Sci Rep. 4:58102014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Janzen DM, Cheng D, Schafenacker AM, Paik DY, Goldstein AS, Witte ON, Jaroszewicz A, Pellegrini M and Memarzadeh S: Estrogen and progesterone together expand murine endometrial epithelial progenitor cells. Stem Cells. 31:808–822. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Vegeto E, Shahbaz MM, Wen DX, Goldman ME, O'Malley BW and McDonnell DP: Human progesterone receptor A form is a cell- and promoter-specific repressor of human progesterone receptor B function. Mol Endocrinol. 7:1244–1255. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Xie Y, Wang YL, Yu L, Hu Q, Ji L, Zhang Y and Liao QP: Metformin promotes progesterone receptor expression via inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in endometrial cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 126:113–120. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Graham JD, Yager ML, Hill HD, Byth K, O'Neill GM and Clarke CL: Altered progesterone receptor isoform expression remodels progestin responsiveness of breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 19:2713–2735. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Mouttet D, Laé M, Caly M, Gentien D, Carpentier S, Peyro-Saint-Paul H, Vincent-Salomon A, Rouzier R, Sigal-Zafrani B, Sastre-Garau X, et al: Estrogen-Receptor, Progesterone-Receptor and HER2 Status Determination in Invasive Breast Cancer. Concordance between Immuno-Histochemistry and MapQuant™ Microarray Based Assay. PLoS One. 11:e01464742016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Zhang D, Zhang XL, Michel FJ, Blum JL, Simmen FA and Simmen RCM: Direct interaction of the Krüppel-like family (KLF) member, BTEB1, and PR mediates progesterone-responsive gene expression in endometrial epithelial cells. Endocrinology. 143:62–73. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Zhang XL, Zhang D, Michel FJ, Blum JL, Simmen FA and Simmen RCM: Selective interactions of Kruppel-like factor 9/basic transcription element-binding protein with progesterone receptor isoforms A and B determine transcriptional activity of progesterone-responsive genes in endometrial epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 278:21474–21482. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Smid-Koopman E, Blok LJ, Kühne LCM, Burger CW, Helmerhorst TJM, Brinkmann AO and Huikeshoven FJ: Distinct functional differences of human progesterone receptors A and B on gene expression and growth regulation in two endometrial carcinoma cell lines. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 10:49–57. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Rao E, Zhang Y, Li Q, Hao J, Egilmez NK, Suttles J and Li B: AMPK-dependent and independent effects of AICAR and compound C on T-cell responses. Oncotarget. 7:33783–33795. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Zhao X, Luo G, Cheng Y, Yu W, Chen R, Xiao B, Xiang Y, Feng C, Fu W, Duan C, et al: Compound C induces protective autophagy in human cholangiocarcinoma cells via Akt/mTOR-independent pathway. J Cell Biochem. 119:5538–5550. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Philippe C, Pinson B, Dompierre J, Pantesco V, Viollet B, Daignan-Fornier B and Moenner M: AICAR Antiproliferative Properties Involve the AMPK-Independent Activation of the Tumor Suppressors LATS 1 and 2. Neoplasia. 20:555–562. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Saguyod SU, Alhallak I, Simmen RC and Velarde MC: Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent. Oncol Lett 20: 249, 2020.
APA
Saguyod, S.U., Alhallak, I., Simmen, R.C., & Velarde, M.C. (2020). Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent. Oncology Letters, 20, 249. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12112
MLA
Saguyod, S. U., Alhallak, I., Simmen, R. C., Velarde, M. C."Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent". Oncology Letters 20.5 (2020): 249.
Chicago
Saguyod, S. U., Alhallak, I., Simmen, R. C., Velarde, M. C."Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent". Oncology Letters 20, no. 5 (2020): 249. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12112
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Saguyod SU, Alhallak I, Simmen RC and Velarde MC: Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent. Oncol Lett 20: 249, 2020.
APA
Saguyod, S.U., Alhallak, I., Simmen, R.C., & Velarde, M.C. (2020). Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent. Oncology Letters, 20, 249. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12112
MLA
Saguyod, S. U., Alhallak, I., Simmen, R. C., Velarde, M. C."Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent". Oncology Letters 20.5 (2020): 249.
Chicago
Saguyod, S. U., Alhallak, I., Simmen, R. C., Velarde, M. C."Metformin regulation of progesterone receptor isoform‑B expression in human endometrial cancer cells is glucose‑dependent". Oncology Letters 20, no. 5 (2020): 249. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12112
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team