Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
June-2022 Volume 23 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2022 Volume 23 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer

  • Authors:
    • Katarzyna Jakubowska
    • Mariusz Koda
    • Małgorzata Grudzińska
    • Wojciech Kisielewski
    • Karolina Lomperta
    • Waldemar Famulski
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathomorphology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 15‑027 Bialystok, Poland, Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15‑269 Bialystok, Poland, Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15‑269 Bialystok, Poland
    Copyright: © Jakubowska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 199
    |
    Published online on: May 6, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13320
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Histopathological evaluation plays a key role in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor‑related local inflammation is regarded as a novel prognostic parameter. Neutrophils constitute one of the main types of inflammatory cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of intratumoral tumor‑associated neutrophils (intraTANs), stromal TANs (stromaTANs) and necrosis, as well as their combined parametric value in formalin‑fixed paraffin‑embedded tissue sections from patients with CRC. For this purpose, a retrospective study of 160 patients with CRC who underwent surgery was conducted. The association of intraTANs, stromaTANs, necrosis and their combined parametric value with the clinicopathological features of patients with CRC was examined. The Kaplan‑Meier method and the log‑rank test were used to compare survival curves. To identify independent prognostic factors, uni‑ and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used. StromaTANs were associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.049) and tumor deposits (P=0.041). In addition, necrosis was found to be associated with venous (P=0.003), lymphatic (P=0.007) and perineural (P=0.015) invasion, as well as with lymph node metastasis (P=0.033), the number of invaded lymph nodes (P=0.012), and lymph node pouch invasion (P=0.043). Furthermore, necrosis was found to be associated with the white blood cell count (P=0.030), neutrophil count (P=0.011), the combined neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (NLR‑PLR) (P=0.038), and the combined platelet and NLR (PLT‑NLR status) (P=0.030), as well as with the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels following surgery (P=0.011) and the monocyte‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (P=0.023). The combined parametric value was found to be associated with pT stage (P=0.049), venous (P=0.034) and lymphatic (P=0.026) invasion, and with serum CEA levels prior to surgery (P=0.029). The analysis of the 3‑year disease‑free survival (DFS) time revealed that tumor growth [hazard ratio (HR), 2.070; 95% CI, 1.837‑3.808; P=0.003] and the combined parametric value (intraTANs, stromaTANs and necrosis, HR, 1.577; 95% CI, 1.372‑3.032; P=0.028) were independent factors for patients with CRC. Taken together, the findings of the present study demonstrated that the combined value of neutrophils and necrosis examined in the cancerous tissue may be used as a prognostic factor for the 3‑year DFS time in patients with CRC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

World Health Organization (WHO), . Global Cancer Observatory. WHO; Geneva: 2020, https://gco.iarc.frNovember 10–2020

2 

Høydahl Ø, Edna TH, Xanthoulis A, Lydersen S and Endreseth BH: Long-term trends in colorectal cancer: Incidence, localization, and presentation. BMC Cancer. 20:10772020. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Mattiuzzi C, Sanchis-Gomar F and Lippi G: Concise update on colorectal cancer epidemiology. Ann Transl Med. 7:6092019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

American Cancer Society, . Survival Rates for Colorectal Cancer. American Cancer Society; Atlanta, GA: 2020, https://www.cancer.org/camcer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.htmlNovember 10–2020

5 

Hamilton SR, Bosman FT and Boffetta P: Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System. Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH and Theise ND: IARC Press; Lyon: pp. 134–46. 2000

6 

Cammarota R, Bertolini V, Pennesi G, Bucci EO, Gottardi O, Garlanda C, Laghi L, Barberis MC, Sessa F, Noonan DM and Albini A: The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Stromal TLR-4 expression as a potential prognostic marker. J Transl Med. 8:1122010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Park JH, McMillan DC, Powell AG, Richards CH, Horgan PG, Edwards J and Roxburgh CS: Evaluation of a tumor microenvironment-based prognostic score in primary operable colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 21:882–888. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Wang X, Qiu L, Li Z, Wang XY and Yi H: Understanding the multifaceted role of neutrophils in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 9:24562018. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Ullman TA and Itzkowitz SH: Intestinal inflammation and cancer. Gastroenterology. 140:1807–1816. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Rao HL, Chen JW, Li M, Xiao YB, Fu J, Zeng YX, Cai MY and Xie D: Increased intratumoral neutrophil in colorectal carcinomas correlates closely with malignant phenotype and predicts patients' adverse prognosis. PLoS One. 7:e308062012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Väyrynen SA, Väyrynen JP, Klintrup K, Mäkelä J, Karttunen TJ, Tuomisto A and Mäkinen MJ: Clinical impact and network of determinants of tumour necrosis in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 114:1334–1342. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Szabó C: Mechanisms of cell necrosis. Crit Care Med. 33 (Suppl 12):S530–S534. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Pollheimer MJ, Kornprat P, Lindtner RA, Harbaum L, Schlemmer A, Rehak P and Langner C: Tumor necrosis is a new promising prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol. 41:1749–1757. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Klarskov L, Holck S, Bernstein I, Okkels H, Rambech E, Baldetorp B and Nilbert M: Challenges in the identification of MSH6-associated colorectal cancer: Rectal location, less typical histology, and a subset with retained mismatch repair function. Am J Surg Pathol. 35:1391–1399. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Zhang X and Chen L: The recent progress of the mechanism and regulation of tumor necrosis in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 142:453–463. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, Cederquist L, Chen YJ, Ciombor KK, Cohen S, Cooper HS, Deming D, Engstrom PF, et al: NCCN guidelines insights: Colon cancer, version 2.2018. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 16:359–369. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, et al: New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: Revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 45:228–247. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Hirahara T, Arigami T, Yanagita S, Matsushita D, Uchikado Y, Kita Y, Mori S, Sasaki K, Omoto I, Kurahara H, et al: Combined neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio predicts chemotherapy response and prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer. BMC Cancer. 19:6722019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Jakubowska K, Koda M, Grudzińska M, Kańczuga-Koda K and Famulski W: Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in peripheral whole blood samples of colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol. 26:4639–4655. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Nagtegaal ID, Odze RD, Klimstra D, Paradis V, Rugge M, Schirmacher P, Washington KM, Carneiro F and Cree IA; WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, : The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. Histopathology. 76:182–188. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Lin Q, Wei Y, Ren L, Zhong Y, Qin C, Zheng P, Xu P, Zhu D, Ji M and Xu J: Tumor deposit is a poor prognostic indicator in patients who underwent simultaneous resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Onco Targets Ther. 8:233–240. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Mayadas TN, Cullere X and Lowell CA: The multifaceted functions of neutrophils. Annu Rev Pathol. 9:181–218. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Harbaum L, Pollheimer MJ, Kornprat P, Lindtner RA, Bokemeyer C and Langner C: Peritumoral eosinophils predict recurrence in colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol. 28:403–413. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Jakubowska K, Koda M, Kisielewski W, Kańczuga-Koda L and Famulski W: Prognostic significance of inflammatory cell response in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 18:783–791. 2019.

25 

Gao JF, Arbman G, Wadhra TI, Zhang H and Sun XF: Relationships of tumor inflammatory infiltration and necrosis with microsatellite instability in colorectal cancers. World J Gastroenterol. 11:2179–2183. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Ling YH, Chen JW, Wen SH, Huang CY, Li P, Lu LH, Mei J, Li SH, Wei W, Cai MY and Guo RP: Tumor necrosis as a poor prognostic predictor on postoperative survival of patients with solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 20:6072020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Liu X, Jiang C, Zhang D, Gao M, Peng F, Huang D, Sun Z, Ni Y, Zhang J and Yin Z: Tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer using radioiodinated protohypericin in a mouse model. Oncotarget. 6:26400–26410. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Whalen GF: Solid tumours and wounds: Transformed cells misunderstood as injured tissue? Lancet. 336:1489–1492. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Ye L, Zhang T, Kang Z, Guo G, Sun Y, Lin K, Huang Q, Shi X, Ni Z, Ding N, et al: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells act as a marker for prognosis in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol. 10:23682019. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Galdiero MR, Bianchi P, Grizzi F, Di Caro G, Basso G, Ponzetta A, Bonavita E, Barbagallo M, Tartari S, Polentarutti N, et al: Occurrence and significance of tumor-associated neutrophils in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer. 139:446–456. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kuang DM, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Peng C, Wang J, Xu Z, Yin XY and Zheng L: Peritumoral neutrophils link inflammatory response to disease progression by fostering angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 54:948–955. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Berry RS, Xiong MJ, Greenbaum A, Mortaji P, Nofchissey RA, Schultz F, Martinez C, Luo L, Morris KT and Hanson JA: High levels of tumor-associated neutrophils are associated with improved overall survival in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. PLoS One. 12:e01887992017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wikberg ML, Ling A, Li X, Oberg A, Edin S and Palmqvist R: Neutrophil infiltration is a favorable prognostic factor in early stages of colon cancer. Hum Pathol. 68:193–202. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Swinson DE, Jones JL, Richardson D, Cox G, Edwards JG and O'Byrne KJ: Tumour necrosis is an independent prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer: Correlation with biological variables. Lung Cancer. 37:235–240. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Schneider NI and Langner C: Prognostic stratification of colorectal cancer patients: Current perspectives. Cancer Manag Res. 6:291–300. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

36 

O'Neil M and Damjanov I: Histopathology of colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Open Pathol J. 3:91–98. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Bredholt G, Mannelqvist M, Stefansson IM, Birkeland E, Bø TH, Øyan AM, Trovik J, Kalland KH, Jonassen I, Salvesen HB, et al: Tumor necrosis is an important hallmark of aggressive endometrial cancer and associates with hypoxia, angiogenesis and inflammation responses. Oncotarget. 6:39676–39691. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Richards CH, Roxburgh CS, Anderson JH, McKee RF, Foulis AK, Horgan PG and McMillan DC: Prognostic value of tumour necrosis and host inflammatory responses in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 99:287–294. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Komori K, Kanemitsu Y, Kimura K, Hattori N, Sano T, Ito S, Abe T, Senda Y, Misawa K, Ito Y, et al: Tumor necrosis in patients with TNM stage IV colorectal cancer without residual disease (R0 Status) is associated with a poor prognosis. Anticancer Res. 33:1099–1105. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Jakubowska K, Kisielewski W, Kańczuga-Koda L, Koda M and Famulski W: Diagnostic value of inflammatory cell infiltrates, tumor stroma percentage and disease-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 14:3869–3877. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jakubowska K, Koda M, Grudzińska M, Kisielewski W, Lomperta K and Famulski W: Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 23: 199, 2022.
APA
Jakubowska, K., Koda, M., Grudzińska, M., Kisielewski, W., Lomperta, K., & Famulski, W. (2022). Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncology Letters, 23, 199. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13320
MLA
Jakubowska, K., Koda, M., Grudzińska, M., Kisielewski, W., Lomperta, K., Famulski, W."Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer". Oncology Letters 23.6 (2022): 199.
Chicago
Jakubowska, K., Koda, M., Grudzińska, M., Kisielewski, W., Lomperta, K., Famulski, W."Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer". Oncology Letters 23, no. 6 (2022): 199. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13320
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jakubowska K, Koda M, Grudzińska M, Kisielewski W, Lomperta K and Famulski W: Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 23: 199, 2022.
APA
Jakubowska, K., Koda, M., Grudzińska, M., Kisielewski, W., Lomperta, K., & Famulski, W. (2022). Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncology Letters, 23, 199. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13320
MLA
Jakubowska, K., Koda, M., Grudzińska, M., Kisielewski, W., Lomperta, K., Famulski, W."Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer". Oncology Letters 23.6 (2022): 199.
Chicago
Jakubowska, K., Koda, M., Grudzińska, M., Kisielewski, W., Lomperta, K., Famulski, W."Neutrophil infiltration combined with necrosis in the primary tumor is a useful prognostic indicator for three‑year disease‑free survival time in patients with colorectal cancer". Oncology Letters 23, no. 6 (2022): 199. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13320
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team