Ocular and extraocular sebaceous carcinomas: A retrospective study with emphasis on the presence of <em>in situ</em> lesion and discussion and review of the histogenesis of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma

Takeuchi,Daisuke; Ishida,Mitsuaki; Yasuda,Emi; Ueda,Koichi; Hirose,Yoshinobu

doi:10.3892/ol.2023.13923

Ocular and extraocular sebaceous carcinomas: A retrospective study with emphasis on the presence of in situ lesion and discussion and review of the histogenesis of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma

Authors:
- Daisuke Takeuchi
- Mitsuaki Ishida
- Emi Yasuda
- Koichi Ueda
- Yoshinobu Hirose
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan, Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
Published online on: June 21, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.13923
Article Number: 337
Copyright: © Takeuchi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare carcinoma classified as ocular or extraocular. Ocular SC is believed to arise from the meibomian glands or the glands of Zeis. However, the origin of extraocular SC is controversial because there is no evidence of carcinoma arising from pre‑existing sebaceous glands. Several hypotheses about the origin of extraocular SC have been proposed, including one suggesting an origin from intraepidermal neoplastic cells. Although extraocular SCs have been shown to occasionally comprise intraepidermal neoplastic cells, no study has investigated whether intraepidermal neoplastic cells possess sebaceous differentiation. The present study analyzed the clinicopathological features of ocular and extraocular SC, with an emphasis on the presence of in situ (intraepithelial) lesions. It retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological features of eight patients with ocular and three patients with extraocular SC (eight women and three men; median age, 72 years), respectively. In situ (intraepithelial) lesions were observed in four of the eight ocular SC cases and one of the three extraocular SC cases and an apocrine component was noted in one patient with ocular SC (seboapocrine carcinoma). In addition, immunohistochemical analyses showed that the androgen receptor (AR) was expressed in all ocular SCs and two of the three extraocular SC cases. Adipophilin expression was observed in all ocular and extraocular SC. In situ lesions of extraocular SC showed positive immunoreactivity for both AR and adipophilin. The present study is the first to demonstrate sebaceous differentiation in in situ lesions of extraocular SC. The possible origin of extraocular SC is speculated to be the progenitor cells present in the sebaceous duct or interfollicular epidermis. The results of the present study and reported cases of SC in situ indicate that extraocular SC also arises from intraepidermal neoplastic cells.

View Figures

View References

1	Dubovy S, Eberhart CG and Vemuganti G: Sebaceous carcinoma of the conjunctiva and caruncle. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Eye. 4th Edition. IARC; Lyon: pp. 25–26. 2018
2	Wick MR, Cree IA, Kazakov DV, Lazar AJ, Michal M, Sangüeza OP, Singh R, Wood BA and Zembowicz A: Sebaceous carcinoma. WHO Classification of Skin Tumours. 4th Edition. IARC; Lyon: pp. 211–212. 2018
3	Rao NA, Hidayat AA, McLean IW and Zimmerman LE: Sebaceous carcinomas of the ocular adnexa: A clinicopathologic study of 104 cases, with five-year follow-up data. Hum Pathol. 13:113–122. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Kazakov DV, Kutzner H, Spagnolo DV, Rütten A, Mukensnabl P and Michal M: What is extraocular cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma in situ? Am J Dermatopathol. 32:857–858. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Boecker W, Reusch M, Mielke V, Reusch U, Hallermann C, Loening T, Tiemann M and Buchwalow I: Twenty-eight cases of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma: A correlative clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of extraocular sebaceous carcinomas and benign sebaceous gland tumors. Am J Dermatopathol. 43:93–102. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Boecker W, Reusch M, Mielke V, Reusch U, Loening T, Tiemann M and Buchwalow I: Spatial analysis of p63, K5 and K7 defines two groups of progenitor cells that differentially contribute to the maintenance of normal sebaceous glands, extraocular sebaceous carcinoma and benign sebaceous tumors. J Dermatol. 46:249–258. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Namiki T, Miura K, Yokozeki H and Ansai SI: Bowen disease with sebaceous differentiation: A case report and immunohistochemical analysis of adipophilin and cytokeratin 1. Am J Dermatopathol. 40:841–845. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Misago N, Kuwashiro M, Tsuruta N and Narisawa Y: Sebaceous carcinoma in association with actinic keratosis: A report of two cases with an immunohistochemical study. J Dermatol. 42:616–620. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Aung PP, Batrani M, Mirzabeigi M and Goldberg LJ: Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma in situ: Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol. 41:592–596. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Ishida M, Iwai M, Yoshida K, Kagotani A and Okabe H: Sebaceous carcinoma associated with Bowen's disease: A case report with emphasis on the pathogenesis of sebaceous carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 6:3029–3032. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
11	Ishida M and Okabe H: Intraepidermal sebaceous carcinoma occurring concurrently with actinic keratosis. J Cutan Pathol. 39:731–732. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Nakashima K, Adachi K, Yamasaki A, Yamada N, Yoshida Y and Yamamoto O: Sebaceous carcinoma with actinic keratosis. Acta Derm Venereol. 90:196–198. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Ansai S and Mihara I: Sebaceous carcinoma arising on actinic keratosis. Eur J Dermatol. 10:385–388. 2000.PubMed/NCBI
14	Escalonilla P, Grilli R, Cañamero M, Soriano ML, Fariña MC, Manzarbeitia F, Sáinz R, Matsukura T and Requena L: Sebaceous carcinoma of the vulva. Am J Dermatopathol. 21:468–472. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Oka K and Katsumata M: Intraepidermal sebaceous carcinoma: Case report. Dermatologica. 180:181–185. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Jacobs DM, Sandles LG and Leboit PE: Sebaceous carcinoma arising from Bowen's disease of the vulva. Arch Dermatol. 122:1191–1193. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Fulling KH, Strayer DS and Santa Cruz DJ: Adnexal metaplasia in carcinoma in situ of the skin. J Cutan Pathol. 8:79–88. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Yoshikawa K, Ishida M, Yanai H, Tsuta K, Sekimoto M and Sugie T: Prognostic significance of adipophilin expression in biopsy specimens of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 23:1272022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Hashimoto Y, Ishida M, Ryota H, Yamamoto T, Kosaka H, Hirooka S, Yamaki S, Kotsuka M, Matsui Y, Yanagimoto H, et al: Adipophilin expression is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: An immunohistochemical analysis. Pancreatology. 19:443–448. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Fujimoto M, Matsuzaki I, Yamamoto Y, Yoshizawa A, Warigaya K, Iwahashi Y, Kojima F, Furukawa F and Murata SI: Adipophilin expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 44:228–236. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Ishida M and Okabe H: Sebaceous carcinoma with apocrine differentiation (seboapocrine carcinoma). Pathol Int. 62:438–440. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Misago N and Narisawa Y: Sebaceous carcinoma with apocrine differentiation. Am J Dermatopathol. 23:50–57. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Kazakov DV, Calonje E, Rütten A, Glatz K and Michal M: Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms with a focal glandular pattern (seboapocrine lesions): A clinicopathological study of three cases. Am J Dermatopathol. 29:359–364. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Pinheiro JAF and Lopes JMPB: Periocular sebaceous carcinoma with apocrine differentiation: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol. 27:432–436. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Afroz N, Zaidi N and Rizvi SAR: Sebaceous carcinoma with apocrine differentiation: A rare entity with aggressive behavior. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 56:408–410. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Na HY, Choe JY, Shin SA, Choung HK, Oh S, Chung JH, Park M and Kim JE: Proposal of a provisional classification of sebaceous carcinoma based on hormone receptor expression and HER2 status. Am J Surg Pathol. 40:1622–1630. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	North JP, Golovato J, Vaske CJ, Sanborn JZ, Nguyen A, Wu W, Goode B, Stevers M, McMullen K, Perez White BE, et al: Cell of origin and mutation pattern define three clinically distinct classes of sebaceous carcinoma. Nat Commun. 9:18942018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI