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Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies

  • Authors:
    • Tien Hoang Tran
    • Seung-Kwon Myung
    • Thao Thi Kim Trinh
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Gyeonggi‑do 10408, Republic of Korea, Department of Cancer AI & Digital Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Gyeonggi‑do 10408, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Tran et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 28
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    Published online on: November 20, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14161
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Abstract

Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in the treatment of various acid‑related disorders, observational studies have raised concern about an association between PPI use and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the association between them using a meta‑analysis of cohort studies. PubMed and Excerpta Medica dataBASE were searched from inception to December 2022 to identify relevant cohort studies. The primary outcome was the risk of gastrointestinal cancer among PPI users, expressed as a pooled odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% CI based on a random‑effects model. A total of 25 cohort studies from 23 articles were included in the final analysis. In the meta‑analysis of all studies, an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer following the use of PPIs was observed (OR/RR/HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.78‑2.46). Subgroup analyses by type of cancer also revealed an association between PPI use and the risk of esophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic cancer, whereas there was no association for colorectal cancer. The increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer was also observed in individuals who had used PPIs for <1 year (OR/RR/HR, 5.23; 95% CI, 2.96‑9.24) as well as individuals who had used PPIs for up to 3 years. The present meta‑analysis revealed that the use of PPIs was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tran TH, Myung S and Trinh TK: Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies. Oncol Lett 27: 28, 2024.
APA
Tran, T.H., Myung, S., & Trinh, T.K. (2024). Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies. Oncology Letters, 27, 28. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14161
MLA
Tran, T. H., Myung, S., Trinh, T. K."Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies". Oncology Letters 27.1 (2024): 28.
Chicago
Tran, T. H., Myung, S., Trinh, T. K."Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies". Oncology Letters 27, no. 1 (2024): 28. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14161
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tran TH, Myung S and Trinh TK: Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies. Oncol Lett 27: 28, 2024.
APA
Tran, T.H., Myung, S., & Trinh, T.K. (2024). Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies. Oncology Letters, 27, 28. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14161
MLA
Tran, T. H., Myung, S., Trinh, T. K."Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies". Oncology Letters 27.1 (2024): 28.
Chicago
Tran, T. H., Myung, S., Trinh, T. K."Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies". Oncology Letters 27, no. 1 (2024): 28. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14161
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