Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
January-2024 Volume 27 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2024 Volume 27 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xiaoting Zhou
    • Xiaorong Qi
    • Xia Zhao
    • Fan Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 31
    |
    Published online on: November 22, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14165
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare benign disease, which typically develops along vascular vessels and extends to the inferior vena cava and right atrium of the heart. In the early stages of the disease, the clinical manifestations and the results of imaging examinations are not uniform among patients. Thus, a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis is common. When the tumor extends along the venous system to the pelvic floor vein or through the inferior vena cava involving the right atrium of the heart or the pulmonary artery, severe symptoms occur, such as ascites, dyspnea, heart failure and even sudden mortality. Improving the understanding of IVL to identify and evaluate this disease in its early stages is important. Complete tumor resection remains the primary treatment option for IVL. The recurrence rate of the disease varies depending on multiple factors, such as type of surgical procedure performed. Therefore, long‑term follow‑up is necessary for patients with IVL. The review of recent findings on the molecular and clinicopathological characterization of IVL is important to understand the pathogenesis of IVL. In the present study, the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of IVL are summarized in order to provide a single source of insightful information on IVL.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Ahmed M, Zangos S, Bechstein WO and Vogl TJ: Intravenous leiomyomatosis. Eur Radiol. 14:1316–1317. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Birch-Hirschfeld FV: Textbook of pathological anatomy. FCW Vogel; Leipzig: pp. p2261896, (In German).

3 

Lim WH, Lamaro VP and Sivagnanam V: Manifestation and management of intravenous leiomyomatosis: A systematic review of the literature. Surg Oncol. 45:1018792022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Findakly D and Wang J: Molecular profiling of benign metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus revealing unique novel therapeutic targets. Cureus. 12:e77012020.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Low HY, Zhao Y, Huang KS, Shen HP, Wu PJ and Tseng CJ: Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: A clinicopathological analysis of nine cases and literature review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 56:362–365. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Kang LQ, Zhang B, Liu BG and Liu FH: Diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to heart with emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. Chin Med J (Engl). 125:33–37. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Shi P, Xiao H, Li H, Tang W, Ren A, Ma L, Tu R, Yin S and Zhang J: Management and prognosis comparison between incidental and nonincidental intravenous leiomyomatosis: A retrospective single-center real-life experience. Ann Transl Med. 10:5032022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hayashi T, Yaegashi N and Konishi I: Molecular pathological approach of uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis. Ann Transl Med. 10:7242022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Grimer RJ and Armstrong GR: Intra-vascular leiomyoma of the popliteal vein. Postgrad Med J. 64:247–248. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hansson B, Bogers J, Colpaert C, De Roeck J, De Backer A, Ceulemans P, De Maeseneer M and Hubens G: Leiomyoma of the right common iliac vein presenting as a duodenal tumour. Eur J Surg Oncol. 26:717–719. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Fang H, You Y, Cai F, Yang Y, Yang C and Lv P: Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the subclavian vein. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 5:254–256. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gui T, Qian Q, Cao D, Yang J, Peng P and Shen K: Computerized tomography angiography in preoperative assessment of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to inferior vena cava and heart. BMC Cancer. 16:732016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Miro A, Bottazzi EC, Vanella S, Palma T, Noviello A, Apicella I, Lombardi G, Fiorani B and Crafa F: Intravascular leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: A toraco-abdominal approach. J Surg Case Rep. 202:rjab2492021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ordulu Z, Nucci MR, Cin PD, Hollowell ML, Otis CN, Hornick JL, Park PJ, Kim TM, Quade BJ and Morton CC: Intravenous leiomyomatosis: An unusual intermediate between benign and malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors. Mod Pathol. 29:500–510. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhang X, Wu L, Xu R, Zhu C, Ma G, Zhang C, Liu X, Zhao H and Miao Q: Identification of the molecular relationship between intravenous leiomyomatosis and uterine myoma using RNA sequencing. Sci Rep. 9:14422019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang W, Wang Y, Chen F, Zhang M, Jia R, Liu X, Zhang C, Shao J, Cheng N, Ma G, et al: Intravenous leiomyomatosis is inclined to a solid entity different from uterine leiomyoma based on RNA-seq analysis with RT-qPCR validation. Cancer Med. 9:4581–4592. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Rein MS, Friedman AJ, Barbieri RL, Pavelka K, Fletcher JA and Morton CC: Cytogenetic abnormalities in uterine leiomyomata. Obstet Gynecol. 77:923–926. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Schoenmakers EF, Wanschura S, Mols R, Bullerdiek J, Van den Berghe H and Van de Ven WJ: Recurrent rearrangements in the high mobility group protein gene, HMGI-C, in benign mesenchymal tumours. Nat Genet. 10:436–444. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Ordulu Z, Chai H, Peng G, McDonald AG, De Nictolis M, Garcia-Fernandez E, Hardisson D, Prat J, Li P, Hui P, et al: Molecular and clinicopathologic characterization of intravenous leiomyomatosis. Mod Pathol. 33:1844–1860. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Buza N, Xu F, Wu W, Carr RJ, Li P and Hui P: Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization study. Hum Pathol. 45:1885–1892. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Matsubara A, Sekine S, Yoshida M, Yoshida A, Taniguchi H, Kushima R, Tsuda H and Kanai Y: Prevalence of MED12 mutations in uterine and extrauterine smooth muscle tumours. Histopathology. 62:657–661. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Wang L, Hu S, Xin F, Zhao H, Li G, Ran W, Xing X and Wang J: MED12 exon 2 mutation is uncommon in intravenous leiomyomatosis: Clinicopathologic features and molecular study. Hum Pathol. 99:36–42. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Krasny L, Wilding CP, Perkins E, Arthur A, Guljar N, Jenks AD, Fisher C, Judson I, Thway K, Jones RL and Huang PH: Proteomic profiling identifies co-regulated expression of splicing factors as a characteristic feature of intravenous leiomyomatosis. Cancers (Basel). 14:29072022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Cassol DF, Junior FJRT, Dias do Couto Netto S, Rengel LC, Ragazzo L, Gaiotto FA and Utiyama EM: Symptomatic uterine leiomyomatosis with intracaval and intracardiac invasion: Video case report. Gynecol Oncol Rep. 45:1011272023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Lan S, Wang X, Li Y and Zhai M: Intravenous leiomyomatosis: A case study and literature review. Radiol Case Rep. 17:4203–4208. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Peng J, Zhong F, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Zhang M, Lu C, Wang Y, Qi X, Wang C and Li G: Clinical analysis of uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis: A retrospective study of 260 cases. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 47:4357–4364. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Jin X, Li F, Lu Z and Cheng W: IV Leiomyomatosis on FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 41:580–582. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Barksdale J, Abolhoda A and Saremi F: Intravenous leiomyomatosis presenting as acute Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 54:860–863. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Deng Y and Song B: Three case reports of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extensions. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Rep. 9:e40–e43. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Luo X, Li R and Li Z: Combined transthoracic echocardiography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to trace intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension. Echocardiography. 36:1573–1576. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Lam PM, Lo KW, Yu MY, Wong WS, Lau JY, Arifi AA and Cheung TH: Intravenous leiomyomatosis: Two cases with different routes of tumor extension. J Vasc Surg. 39:465–469. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhang G, Yu X, Shi H, Fan Q, Lang J and Liu B: Clinical characteristics and prognostic features of intravenous leiomyomatosis with inferior vena cava or intracardiac extension. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 5:485–492. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Ma H, Niu Y, Yang Z and Zheng M: Echocardiographic characteristics and contrast-enhanced imaging of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension. J Ultrasound Med. 41:1101–1108. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ge Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Fang S, Wang H and Li J: Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in intravenous leiomyomatosis: A single-center experiences. Front Oncol. 12:9636752022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Wang H, Nie P, Chen B, Hou F, Dong C, He F and Xu W: Contrast-enhanced CT findings of intravenous leiomyomatosis. Clin Radiol. 73:503e1–503e6. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Peng HJ, Zhao B, Yao QW, Qi HT, Xu ZD and Liu C: Intravenous leiomyomatosis: CT findings. Abdom Imaging. 37:628–631. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Zeng H, Xu Z, Zhang L, Luo YI, Chen H, Zhu H, Peng L and Yu J: Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension depicted on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans: A report of two cases and a review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 11:4255–4263. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Shao J, Wang C, Shu K, Zhou Y, Cheng N, Lai Z, Li K, Xu L, Chen J, Du F, et al: A contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomic nomogram for the differential diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis and uterine leiomyoma. Front Oncol. 13:12391242023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Yu X, Fu J, Cao T, Huang L, Qie M and Ouyang Y: Clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: A case series. Medicine (Baltimore). 100:e242282021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Wei JL, Ji X, Zhang P, Chen WJ, Zhao YN and Liu M: Complete intravenous leiomyomatosis: A case report and literature review. Ann Palliat Med. 10:12039–12045. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Du J, Zhao X, Guo D, Li H and Sun B: Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: A clinicopathologic study of 18 cases, with emphasis on early diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies. Hum Pathol. 42:1240–1246. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Bartolazzi A, Peach R, Aruffo A and Stamenkovic I: Interaction between CD44 and hyaluronate is directly implicated in the regulation of tumor development. J Exp Med. 180:53–66. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Chen MJ, Peng Y, Yang YS, Huang SC, Chow SN and Torng PL: Increased hyaluronan and CD44 expressions in intravenous leiomyomatosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 84:322–328. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Tamura S, Hayashi T, Tokunaga H, Yaegashi N, Abiko K and Konishi I: Oncological properties of intravenous leiomyomatosis: Involvement of mesenchymal tumor stem-like cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 43:1188–1202. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Sherr CJ and McCormick F: The RB and p53 pathways in cancer. Cancer Cell. 2:103–112. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Peurala E, Koivunen P, Haapasaari KM, Bloigu R and Jukkola-Vuorinen A: The prognostic significance and value of cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 15:R52013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Sungur EC, Selçuk İ, Özbek HM, Aytekin O, Köklü NO, Turhan N, Talay S, Sarıtaş A and Yalçın HR: Extrapelvic intravenous uterine leiomyomatosis mimicing cardiac myxoma and deep vein thrombosis. Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derg. 30:622–626. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Yokoyama Y, Goda T, Sato K, Suzuki M, Kanda T and Sato Y: Leiomyosarcoma arising from the ovarian vein as a gynecologic malignancy: Two case reports and a review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 48:2224–2230. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Li B, Chen X, Chu YD, Li RY, Li WD and Ni YM: Intracardiac leiomyomatosis: A comprehensive analysis of 194 cases. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 17:132–138. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Liang J, Lei R, Xie M, Lin S, Xu J, Ling X and Xie Q: The role of estrogen deprivation therapy in premenopausal women with primary unresectable intracardiac leiomyomatosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 16:4532021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Li H, Xu J, Lin Q, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Tong H, Tu R, Xu D, Wang C and Lu W: Surgical treatment strategies for extra-pelvic intravenous leiomyomatosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 15:1532020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Stilidi I, Paianidi J, Bokhian V, Andreeva J, Shevchuk A and Ramirez PT: Intracardiac intravenous leiomyomatosis: Diagnosis and management. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 30:1243–1247. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Ma G, Miao Q, Liu X, Zhang C, Liu J, Zheng Y, Shao J, Cheng N, Du S, Hu Z, et al: Different surgical strategies of patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 95:e49022016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Yang C, Fang H, Yang Y, Cai F, Zheng H, Jin B, Li Y, Liu Z and Zayed MA: Diagnosis and surgical management of inferior vena cava leiomyomatosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 6:636–645. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Gissey LC, Mariano G, Musleh L, Lepiane P, Colasanti M, Meniconi RL, Ranocchi F, Musumeci F, Antonini M and Ettorre GM: Massive pelvic recurrence of uterine leiomyomatosis with intracaval-intracardiac extension: Video case report and literature review. BMC Surg. 17:1182017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Luo G, Pan H, Bi J, Luo Y, Zhu J, Feng Z, Fan H, Zhang Y and Dai X: Surgical treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis involving the right heart: A case series. J Int Med Res. 47:3465–3474. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Price JD, Anagnostopoulos C, Benvenisty A, Kothuru RK and Balaram SK: Intracardiac extension of intravenous leiomyomatosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 103:e145–e147. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Wang C, Shao J, Ma X, Zhou Y, Ma G, Cheng N, Cao D, Lai Z, Song X, Li K and Liu B: One-stage resection of intravascular leiomyomatosis involving the right heart chamber through a single laparotomy. Front Cardiovasc Med. 9:9764782022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Liu J, Liang M, Ma G, Liu X, Cheng N, Cao D, Yu C, Du S, Miao Q and Zhang C: Surgical treatment for intravenous-cardiac leiomyomatosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 54:483–490. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Kokawa K, Yamoto M, Yata C, Mabuchi Y and Umesaki N: Postmenopausal intravenous leiomyomatosis with high levels of estradiol and estrogen receptor. Obstet Gynecol. 100:1124–1126. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Akinseye OA, Nayyar M and Das P: Uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with femoral vein, intracaval, intracardiac and pulmonary artery extension. Future Cardiol. 16:27–32. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Mitsuhashi A, Nagai Y, Sugita M, Nakajima N and Sekiya S: GnRH agonist for intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension. A case report. J Reprod Med. 44:883–886. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

63 

Khayata GM, Thwaini S and Aswad SG: Intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to the heart. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 80:59–60. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Mizoguchi C, Matsumoto H, Nasu K, Arakane M, Kai K and Narahara H: Intravenous leiomyomatosis treated with radical hysterectomy and adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 42:1405–1408. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Bodner-Adler B, Bartl M and Wagner G: Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus with pulmonary metastases or a case with benign metastasizing leiomyoma? Anticancer Res. 29:495–496. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

66 

Hameleers JA, Zeebregts CJ, Hamerlijnck RP, Elbers JR and Hameeteman TM: Combined surgical and medical approach to intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension. Acta Chir Belg. 99:92–94. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Doyle MP, Li A, Villanueva CI, Peeceeyen SC, Cooper MG, Hanel KC, Fermanis GG and Robertson G: Treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension following incomplete resection. Int J Vasc Med. 2015:7561412015.PubMed/NCBI

68 

Lo KW and Lau TK: Intracardiac leiomyomatosis. Case report and literature review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 264:209–210. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Yu X, Zhang G, Lang J, Liu B and Zhao D: Factors associated with recurrence after surgical resection in women with intravenous leiomyomatosis. Obstet Gynecol. 128:1018–1024. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou X, Qi X, Zhao X and Yang F: Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review). Oncol Lett 27: 31, 2024.
APA
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., & Yang, F. (2024). Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review). Oncology Letters, 27, 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14165
MLA
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., Yang, F."Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review)". Oncology Letters 27.1 (2024): 31.
Chicago
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., Yang, F."Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review)". Oncology Letters 27, no. 1 (2024): 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14165
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou X, Qi X, Zhao X and Yang F: Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review). Oncol Lett 27: 31, 2024.
APA
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., & Yang, F. (2024). Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review). Oncology Letters, 27, 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14165
MLA
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., Yang, F."Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review)". Oncology Letters 27.1 (2024): 31.
Chicago
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., Yang, F."Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review)". Oncology Letters 27, no. 1 (2024): 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14165
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team