Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
January-2024 Volume 27 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2024 Volume 27 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer

  • Authors:
    • Shengsheng Liang
    • Bowen Dang
    • Shaohua Chen
    • Hua Mi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China, Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 537000, P.R. China, Department of Urology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 41
    |
    Published online on: December 4, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14175
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The cathepsin S (CTSS) gene encodes a lysine cysteine protease and serves an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases, inflammation and nervous system diseases. Furthermore, CTSS is implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis by the induction of tumor angiogenesis and the degradation of the tumor extracellular matrix. Nevertheless, the precise impact of CTSS on predicting pan‑cancer prognosis and its influence on the tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration in human cancers remains unknown. This present study employed a comprehensive array of bioinformatic methods to evaluate the expression of CTSS and its associations with prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor microenvironment, tumor immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability across numerous cancer types. The current study demonstrated abnormal expression and distinct genomic alteration profiles of CTSS in many of the cancers tested. Furthermore, CTSS expression exhibited close associations with the prognosis of numerous cancers. High CTSS expression was significantly associated with better overall survival and disease‑specific survival in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) but worse outcomes in brain lower grade glioma (LGG) and uveal melanoma (UVM). Moreover, CTSS demonstrated significant correlations with tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability in 8 and 12 cancer types respectively, as well as different responses in immunotherapy sub‑cohorts, especially in melanoma and bladder cancers. CTSS expression showed a positive correlation with stromal and immune cell scores in the four aforementioned cancers. Moreover, CTSS expression was correlated with the number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Conversely, CTSS was negatively associated with resting Mast cells, resting NK cells and resting memory CD4+ T cell infiltration in BLCA, SKCM and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Furthermore, CTSS expression was correlated with immune‑related gene expression, notably PDCD1, LAG3, PDCD1 and TIGIT in BLCA, KIRC, SKCM, LGG and UVM. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that CTSS could drive a dynamic adjustment of biological functions and pathways in BLCA, SKCM, LGG and UVM, including immune response regulating signaling pathways, regulation of lymphocyte activation and T cell receptor singling pathways. The current study suggested that CTSS could be an essential biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltration features in multiple cancers.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

View References

1 

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A and Bray F: Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 71:209–249. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Miriyala R, Mahantshetty U, Maheshwari A and Gupta S: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in cervical cancer: Past, present and future. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 32:260–265. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

van den Akker MJE, Horeweg N, Beltman JJ, Creutzberg CL and Nout RA: Efficacy and toxicity of postoperative external beam radiotherapy or chemoradiation for early-stage cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 30:1878–1886. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Topalian SL, Weiner GJ and Pardoll DM: Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. J Clin Oncol. 29:4828–4836. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Abril-Rodriguez G and Ribas A: SnapShot: Immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Cell. 31:848.e12017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Washah HN, Salifu EY, Soremekun O, Elrashedy AA, Munsamy G, Olotu FA and Soliman MES: Integrating bioinformatics strategies in cancer immunotherapy: Current and future perspectives. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 23:687–698. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Bagchi S, Yuan R and Engleman EG: Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancer: Clinical impact and mechanisms of response and resistance. Annu Rev Pathol. 16:223–249. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, Arance A, Grob JJ, Mortier L, Daud A, Carlino MS, McNeil C, Lotem M, et al: Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 372:2521–2532. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Matsunaga H, Ito K, Akiyama M, Takahashi A, Koyama S, Nomura S, Ieki H, Ozaki K, Onouchi Y, Sakaue S, et al: Transethnic Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies three new loci and characterizes population-specific differences for coronary artery disease. Circ Genom Precis Med. 13:e0026702020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

McDowell SH, Gallaher SA, Burden RE and Scott CJ: Leading the invasion: The role of Cathepsin S in the tumour microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 1867:1187812020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Arnlov J: Cathepsin S as a biomarker: Where are we now and what are the future challenges? Biomark Med. 6:9–11. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Unanue ER, Turk V and Neefjes J: Variations in MHC Class II antigen processing and presentation in health and disease. Annu Rev Immunol. 34:265–297. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Klinngam W, Fu R, Janga SR, Edman MC and Hamm-Alvarez SF: Cathepsin S alters the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9, Partially through Protease-activated receptor-2, in human corneal epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci. 19:35302018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Gormley JA, Hegarty SM, O'Grady A, Stevenson MR, Burden RE, Barrett HL, Scott CJ, Johnston JA, Wilson RH, Kay EW, et al: The role of Cathepsin S as a marker of prognosis and predictor of chemotherapy benefit in adjuvant CRC: A pilot study. Br J Cancer. 105:1487–1494. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Yang Y, Lim SK, Choong LY, Lee H, Chen Y, Chong PK, Ashktorab H, Wang TT, Salto-Tellez M, Yeoh KG and Lim YP: Cathepsin S mediates gastric cancer cell migration and invasion via a putative network of metastasis-associated proteins. J Proteome Res. 9:4767–4778. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Gautam J, Bae YK and Kim JA: Up-regulation of Cathepsin S expression by HSP90 and 5-HT7 receptor-dependent serotonin signaling correlates with triple negativity of human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 161:29–40. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Small DM, Burden RE, Jaworski J, Hegarty SM, Spence S, Burrows JF, McFarlane C, Kissenpfennig A, McCarthy HO, Johnston JA, et al: Cathepsin S from both tumor and tumor-associated cells promote cancer growth and neovascularization. Int J Cancer. 133:2102–2112. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Yang M, Liu J, Shao J, Qin Y, Ji Q, Zhang X and Du J: Cathepsin S-mediated autophagic flux in tumor-associated macrophages accelerate tumor development by promoting M2 polarization. Mol Cancer. 13:432014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Wilkinson RDA, Burden RE, McDowell SH, McArt DG, McQuaid S, Bingham V, Williams R, Cox ÓT, O'Connor R, McCabe N, et al: A novel role for Cathepsin S as a potential biomarker in triple negative breast cancer. J Oncol. 2019:39802732019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Dheilly E, Battistello E, Katanayeva N, Sungalee S, Michaux J, Duns G, Wehrle S, Sordet-Dessimoz J, Mina M, Racle J, et al: Cathepsin S regulates antigen processing and T cell activity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Cell. 37:674–89.e12. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Riether C and Ochsenbein AF: Genetic alterations Impact immune microenvironment interactions in follicular lymphoma. Cancer Cell. 37:621–622. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Liu J, Lichtenberg T, Hoadley KA, Poisson LM, Lazar AJ, Cherniack AD, Kovatich AJ, Benz CC, Levine DA, Lee AV, et al: An integrated TCGA Pan-cancer clinical data resource to drive high-quality survival outcome analytics. Cell. 173:400–16.e11. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using Real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Pfaffl MW, Tichopad A, Prgomet C and Neuvians TP: Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: BestKeeper-Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations. Biotechnol Lett. 26:509–515. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Miao Y, Wang J, Li Q, Quan W, Wang Y, Li C, Wu J and Mi D: Prognostic value and immunological role of PDCD1 gene in pan-cancer. Int Immunopharmacol. 89:1070802020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ma K, Jin Q, Wang M, Li X and Zhang Y: Research progress and clinical application of predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 19:517–529. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Palmeri M, Mehnert J, Silk AW, Jabbour SK, Ganesan S, Popli P, Riedlinger G, Stephenson R, de Meritens AB, Leiser A, et al: Real-world application of tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-high) and microsatellite instability (MSI) confirms their utility as immunotherapy biomarkers. ESMO Open. 7:1003362022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Balar AV and Weber JS: PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies in cancer: Current status and future directions. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 66:551–564. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Jardim DL, Goodman A, de Melo Gagliato D and Kurzrock R: The challenges of tumor mutational burden as an immunotherapy biomarker. Cancer Cell. 39:154–173. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Pare L, Pascual T, Segui E, Teixido C, Gonzalez-Cao M, Galván P, Rodríguez A, González B, Cuatrecasas M, Pineda E, et al: Association between PD1 mRNA and response to anti-PD1 monotherapy across multiple cancer types. Ann Oncol. 29:2121–2128. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Chai P, Yu J, Ge S, Jia R and Fan X: Genetic alteration, RNA expression, and DNA methylation profiling of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receptor ACE2 in malignancies: A pan-cancer analysis. J Hematol Oncol. 13:432020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Yan C and Richmond A: Hiding in the dark: Pan-cancer characterization of expression and clinical relevance of CD40 to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Mol Cancer. 20:1462021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kremenovic M, Chan AA, Feng B, Bäriswyl L, Robatel S, Gruber T, Tang L, Lee DJ and Schenk M: BCG hydrogel promotes CTSS-mediated antigen processing and presentation, thereby suppressing metastasis and prolonging survival in melanoma. J Immunother Cancer. 10:e0041332022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Yan X, Wu C, Chen T, Santos MM, Liu CL, Yang C, Zhang L, Ren J, Liao S, Guo H, et al: Cathepsin S inhibition changes regulatory T-cell activity in regulating bladder cancer and immune cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mol Immunol. 82:66–74. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Gocheva V, Zeng W, Ke D, Klimstra D, Reinheckel T, Peters C, Hanahan D and Joyce JA: Distinct roles for cysteine cathepsin genes in multistage tumorigenesis. Genes Dev. 20:543–556. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Paraoan L, Gray D, Hiscott P, Garcia-Finana M, Lane B, Damato B and Grierson I: Cathepsin S and its inhibitor cystatin C: Imbalance in uveal melanoma. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 14:2504–2513. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Flannery T, McQuaid S, McGoohan C, McConnell RS, McGregor G, Mirakhur M, Hamilton P, Diamond J, Cran G, Walker B, et al: Cathepsin S expression: An independent prognostic factor in glioblastoma tumours-a pilot study. Int J Cancer. 119:854–860. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zhang L, Wang H, Xu J, Zhu J and Ding K: Inhibition of cathepsin S induces autophagy and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cell lines through ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K and JNK signaling pathways. Toxicol Lett. 228:248–259. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Golstein P and Griffiths GM: An early history of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Nat Rev Immunol. 18:527–535. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Hoa N, Ge L, Kuznetsov Y, McPherson A, Cornforth AN, Pham JT, Myers MP, Ahmed N, Salsman VS, Lamb LS Jr, et al: Glioma cells display complex cell surface topographies that resist the actions of cytolytic effector lymphocytes. J Immunol. 185:4793–4803. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Nakashima S, Sugita Y, Miyoshi H, Arakawa F, Muta H, Ishibashi Y, Niino D, Ohshima K, Terasaki M, Nakamura Y and Morioka M: Endothelin B receptor expression in malignant gliomas: The perivascular immune escape mechanism of gliomas. J Neurooncol. 127:23–32. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Beroukhim R, Mermel CH, Porter D, Wei G, Raychaudhuri S, Donovan J, Barretina J, Boehm JS, Dobson J, Urashima M, et al: The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers. Nature. 463:899–905. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Bararia D, Hildebrand JA, Stolz S, Haebe S, Alig S, Trevisani CP, Osorio-Barrios F, Bartoschek MD, Mentz M, Pastore A, et al: Cathepsin S alterations induce a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment in follicular lymphoma. Cell Rep. 31:1075222020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Rhim AD, Oberstein PE, Thomas DH, Mirek ET, Palermo CF, Sastra SA, Dekleva EN, Saunders T, Becerra CP, Tattersall IW, et al: Stromal elements act to restrain, rather than support, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell. 25:735–747. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Junttila MR and de Sauvage FJ: Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response. Nature. 501:346–354. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Labani-Motlagh A, Ashja-Mahdavi M and Loskog A: The Tumor Microenvironment: A Milieu Hindering and Obstructing Antitumor Immune Responses. Front Immunol. 11:9402020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Pagès F, Mlecnik B, Marliot F, Bindea G, Ou FS, Bifulco C, Lugli A, Zlobec I, Rau TT, Berger MD, et al: International validation of the consensus Immunoscore for the classification of colon cancer: A prognostic and accuracy study. Lancet. 391:2128–2139. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Thomas NE, Busam KJ, From L, Kricker A, Armstrong BK, Anton-Culver H, Gruber SB, Gallagher RP, Zanetti R, Rosso S, et al: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte grade in primary melanomas is independently associated with melanoma-specific survival in the population-based genes, environment and melanoma study. J Clin Oncol. 31:4252–4259. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Chen S, Wang C, Su X, Dai X, Li S and Mo Z: KCNN4 is a potential prognostic marker and critical factor affecting the immune status of the tumor microenvironment in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol. 10:2454–2470. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Chen S, Su X, Mi H, Dai X, Li S, Chen S and Zhang S: Comprehensive analysis of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) expression and prognostic value in three different types of renal cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol. 9:2737–2750. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Kim SJ, Schatzle S, Ahmed SS, Haap W, Jang SH, Gregersen PK, Georgiou G and Diamond B: Increased cathepsin S in Prdm1−/− dendritic cells alters the TFH cell repertoire and contributes to lupus. Nat Immunol. 18:1016–1024. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Rupanagudi KV, Kulkarni OP, Lichtnekert J, Darisipudi MN, Mulay SR, Schott B, Gruner S, Haap W, Hartmann G and Anders HJ: Cathepsin S inhibition suppresses systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis because cathepsin S is essential for MHC class II-mediated CD4 T cell and B cell priming. Ann Rheum Dis. 74:452–463. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Perišić Nanut M, Sabotič J, Jewett A and Kos J: Cysteine cathepsins as regulators of the cytotoxicity of NK and T cells. Front Immunol. 5:6162014.PubMed/NCBI

54 

Gunassekaran GR, Poongkavithai Vadevoo SM, Baek MC and Lee B: M1 macrophage exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target the IL-4 receptor inhibit tumor growth by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into M1-like macrophages. Biomaterials. 278:1211372021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Xia Y, Rao L, Yao H, Wang Z, Ning P and Chen X: Engineering macrophages for cancer immunotherapy and drug delivery. Adv Mater. 32:e20020542020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Mensurado S, Blanco-Dominguez R and Silva-Santos B: The emerging roles of gammadelta T cells in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 20:178–191. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

van der Leun AM, Thommen DS and Schumacher TN: CD8+ T cell states in human cancer: Insights from single-cell analysis. Nat Rev Cancer. 20:218–232. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Ainscough JS, Macleod T, McGonagle D, Brakefield R, Baron JM, Alase A, Wittmann M and Stacey M: Cathepsin S is the major activator of the psoriasis-associated proinflammatory cytokine IL-36gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 114:E2748–E2757. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Bania J, Gatti E, Lelouard H, David A, Cappello F, Weber E, Camosseto V and Pierre P: Human cathepsin S, but not cathepsin L, degrades efficiently MHC class II-associated invariant chain in nonprofessional APCs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:6664–6669. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liang S, Dang B, Chen S and Mi H: Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer. Oncol Lett 27: 41, 2024.
APA
Liang, S., Dang, B., Chen, S., & Mi, H. (2024). Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer. Oncology Letters, 27, 41. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14175
MLA
Liang, S., Dang, B., Chen, S., Mi, H."Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer". Oncology Letters 27.1 (2024): 41.
Chicago
Liang, S., Dang, B., Chen, S., Mi, H."Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer". Oncology Letters 27, no. 1 (2024): 41. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14175
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liang S, Dang B, Chen S and Mi H: Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer. Oncol Lett 27: 41, 2024.
APA
Liang, S., Dang, B., Chen, S., & Mi, H. (2024). Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer. Oncology Letters, 27, 41. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14175
MLA
Liang, S., Dang, B., Chen, S., Mi, H."Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer". Oncology Letters 27.1 (2024): 41.
Chicago
Liang, S., Dang, B., Chen, S., Mi, H."Prognostic value and immunological role of cathepsin S gene in pan‑cancer". Oncology Letters 27, no. 1 (2024): 41. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14175
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team