Low‑dose venetoclax combined with azacitidine in older and frail patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia

Rong,Chunmeng; Yang,Fang; Chen,Yalu; Wang,Ming; Ai,Cheng; Luo,Yuqing; Gao,Panpan; Weng,Yiqin; Huang,Xiaguang; Gu,Meier; Huang,Weiping; Xia,Yongming

doi:10.3892/ol.2024.14362

Low‑dose venetoclax combined with azacitidine in older and frail patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia

Authors:
- Chunmeng Rong
- Fang Yang
- Yalu Chen
- Ming Wang
- Cheng Ai
- Yuqing Luo
- Panpan Gao
- Yiqin Weng
- Xiaguang Huang
- Meier Gu
- Weiping Huang
- Yongming Xia
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Affiliations: Department of Hematopathology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China, Clinical Laboratory Department, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
Published online on: March 26, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14362
Article Number: 228
Copyright: © Rong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

In the present study, the aim was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of low‑dose venetoclax combined with azacitidine for the treatment of older and frail patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Data of 26 older patients with newly diagnosed AML admitted to Yuyao People's Hospital (Yuyao, China) between January 2021 and May 2023 were retrospectively analysed. The treatment regimens were as follows: Subcutaneous injection of 100 mg azacitidine on days 1‑5 and 100 mg oral venetoclax on days 3‑16 or 200 mg oral venetoclax on days 3‑30. The median age of the 26 patients was 73 years. After the first course of treatment, the complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete haematological recovery rate was 84.6%, and the objective response rate was 96.2%. The most common adverse events noted during treatment were haematological adverse events including grade 3/4 granulocytosis (57.7%), febrile neutropenia (30.8%), pulmonary infection (32.0%), thrombocytopenia (42.3%) and anaemia (42.3%). A total of 13 (50.0%) patients did not require platelet (PLT) infusion during treatment. The main non‑haematological adverse reactions included gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Patients were followed up until December 2023, with a median follow‑up time of 9.5 months (range, 1.9‑26.0 months). Of the 26 patients, nine (34.6%) patients experienced relapse, with a mean recurrence time of 5.9 months. In conclusion, preliminary results indicated that low‑dose venetoclax combined with azacitidine is effective and safe for the treatment of older and frail patients with newly diagnosed AML, providing a new treatment option for these patients.

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