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Article

Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Rei Okada
    • Yuichiro Otsuka
    • Yoji Kajiwara
    • Tetsuya Maeda
    • Jun Ishii
    • Kazutaka Kimura
    • Yu Matsumoto
    • Yuko Ito
    • Kimihiko Funahashi
    • Hideaki Shimada
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota City, Tokyo 143‑8541, Japan
  • Article Number: 283
    |
    Published online on: April 25, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14416
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Abstract

Midkine (MK) is a soluble cytokine, and its serum levels strongly correspond to protein expression levels in tumors. The present study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of serum MK (s‑MK) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serum samples were obtained before surgery from 123 patients with HCC who had undergone surgery between January 2012 and December 2020. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the best cut‑off value for s‑MK in differentiating HCC from healthy cases was 426 pg/ml. The clinicopathological variables and overall survival of patients were compared between the s‑MK‑positive group and s‑MK‑negative group. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of s‑MK were 82.1, 97.4 and 88.0%, respectively. An s‑MK‑positive status was significantly associated with the number of tumors (≥2). The positivity rate of s‑MK was significantly higher compared with that of α‑fetoprotein and protein‑induced by vitamin K absence‑II. In total, only 28% of the patients were positive for s‑MK. The s‑MK‑positive group showed significantly worse overall survival compared with the s‑MK‑negative group. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that an s‑MK‑positive status was independently associated with poor prognosis. s‑MK was useful in detecting early HCC. The findings of this study indicated that the s‑MK‑positive status is associated with the number of tumors and can act as an independent prognostic risk factor.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Okada R, Otsuka Y, Kajiwara Y, Maeda T, Ishii J, Kimura K, Matsumoto Y, Ito Y, Funahashi K, Shimada H, Shimada H, et al: Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 27: 283, 2024.
APA
Okada, R., Otsuka, Y., Kajiwara, Y., Maeda, T., Ishii, J., Kimura, K. ... Shimada, H. (2024). Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 27, 283. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14416
MLA
Okada, R., Otsuka, Y., Kajiwara, Y., Maeda, T., Ishii, J., Kimura, K., Matsumoto, Y., Ito, Y., Funahashi, K., Shimada, H."Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncology Letters 27.6 (2024): 283.
Chicago
Okada, R., Otsuka, Y., Kajiwara, Y., Maeda, T., Ishii, J., Kimura, K., Matsumoto, Y., Ito, Y., Funahashi, K., Shimada, H."Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncology Letters 27, no. 6 (2024): 283. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14416
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Okada R, Otsuka Y, Kajiwara Y, Maeda T, Ishii J, Kimura K, Matsumoto Y, Ito Y, Funahashi K, Shimada H, Shimada H, et al: Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 27: 283, 2024.
APA
Okada, R., Otsuka, Y., Kajiwara, Y., Maeda, T., Ishii, J., Kimura, K. ... Shimada, H. (2024). Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 27, 283. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14416
MLA
Okada, R., Otsuka, Y., Kajiwara, Y., Maeda, T., Ishii, J., Kimura, K., Matsumoto, Y., Ito, Y., Funahashi, K., Shimada, H."Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncology Letters 27.6 (2024): 283.
Chicago
Okada, R., Otsuka, Y., Kajiwara, Y., Maeda, T., Ishii, J., Kimura, K., Matsumoto, Y., Ito, Y., Funahashi, K., Shimada, H."Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncology Letters 27, no. 6 (2024): 283. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14416
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