Surgical training in extraperitoneal laparoscopic para‑aortic lymphadenectomy for the treatment of gynecological cancer using a Thiel‑embalmed cadaver

Nagao,Shoji; Andou,Masaaki; Irie,Kyohei; Kubo,Kotaro; Ida,Naoyuki; Komiyama,Takaaki; Kameoka,Toshiya; Kawaguchi,Ayano; Masuyama,Hisashi

doi:10.3892/ol.2024.14422

June-2024 Volume 27 Issue 6

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June-2024 Volume 27 Issue 6

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Article Open Access

Surgical training in extraperitoneal laparoscopic para‑aortic lymphadenectomy for the treatment of gynecological cancer using a Thiel‑embalmed cadaver

Authors:
- Shoji Nagao
- Masaaki Andou
- Kyohei Irie
- Kotaro Kubo
- Naoyuki Ida
- Takaaki Komiyama
- Toshiya Kameoka
- Ayano Kawaguchi
- Hisashi Masuyama
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Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurashiki Medical Center, Kurashiki, Okayama 710‑8522, Japan, Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan

Copyright: © Nagao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
Article Number: 290
|
Published online on: April 30, 2024

https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14422
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Abstract

The extraperitoneal laparoscopic approach (ELPAN) for para‑aortic lymphadenectomy provides excellent visibility of the left side of the aorta, thus facilitating surgery in the retroperitoneal space. This technique is highly complex compared with the transperitoneal approach. In particular, advanced techniques are required to develop an appropriate surgical field in the narrow retroperitoneal space; therefore, surgeons need to undergo a significant amount of training to become competent. A variety of tools are available for surgical training but are limited by their ability to reproduce complex anatomy. Thus, cadavers may represent the most suitable tool for learning this unique technique. The present study describes a surgical training protocol for the ELPAN technique using a Thiel‑embalmed human cadaver and provides a step‑by‑step description of the ELPAN technique performed at Okayama University (Okayama, Japan). A 72‑year‑old Thiel‑embalmed female cadaver was used to develop a protocol for surgical training in the ELPAN technique that effectively reproduced the methodology required in clinical practice. A training method for ELPAN surgery was developed and successfully completed using the Thiel‑embalmed cadaver that secured the surgical field in the retroperitoneal space and permitted resection of the lymph nodes. The Thiel‑embalmed cadaver tissue possessed excellent properties for surgical training, including color tone, flexibility, and the membrane structure of connective and fat tissues. In addition, this method of fixation preserved stiffness and elasticity of the peritoneum, although large vessels were slightly fragile and poorly extensible. Surgical training using a Thiel‑embalmed human cadaver represents a valuable option for learning the ELPAN surgical technique. However, this technique may be unsuitable for training in perivenous manipulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the use of Thiel‑embalmed cadavers as a tool for surgeons to undergo training in the ELPAN technique.

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Surgical training in extraperitoneal laparoscopic para‑aortic lymphadenectomy for the treatment of gynecological cancer using a Thiel‑embalmed cadaver

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