Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
September-2024 Volume 28 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2024 Volume 28 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Case Report

Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature

  • Authors:
    • Angeliki Andrikopoulou
    • Kristiana Goga
    • Katerina Stefanaki
    • Stavroula A. Paschou
    • Stavros Athanasopoulos
    • Flora Zagouri
    • Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
  • Article Number: 417
    |
    Published online on: July 1, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14550
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cushing's syndrome (CS), as a result of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production, constitutes a common paraneoplastic manifestation of various malignancies, with the most common being small cell lung carcinoma. In the literature, fewer than fifty cases associating ectopic CS with prostate cancer have been documented. In the present study, the case of a 76‑year old man suffering from castration‑resistant prostate adenocarcinoma that had been treated with enzalutamide and luteinizing hormone‑releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue for the last four years is presented. The patient presented to the emergency department with lower extremity muscle weakness, bradypsychia and hypokalemia. Following a thorough diagnostic evaluation, hypercortisolemia was identified. No suppression after low‑ and high‑dose dexamethasone challenge, increased cortisol 24 h excretion and normal pituitary magnetic resonance imaging led to the diagnosis of ectopic CS. Immediate targeted therapy was initiated with adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors, including metyrapone and ketoconazole along with chemotherapy with docetaxel and prednisolone. There was a remarkable decrease in cortisol levels within days and hospitalization was no longer required. The patient managed to complete three cycles of chemotherapy; unfortunately, he succumbed within three months of the diagnosis of ectopic CS. In the present study, all existing cases of paraneoplastic CS related to prostate cancer are reviewed. The aim of the current study was to highlight the need of early diagnosis and treatment of this entity as it may present with atypical clinical findings and potentially evolve to a life‑threatening condition.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K, Fainberg J, Mungovan SF, Bratt O, Bray F, Brawley O, Luckenbaugh AN, Mucci L, et al: 2022 update on prostate cancer epidemiology and risk Factors-A systematic review. Eur Urol. 84:191–206. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Merkens L, Sailer V, Lessel D, Janzen E, Greimeier S, Kirfel J, Perner S, Pantel K, Werner S and von Amsberg G: Aggressive variants of prostate cancer: Underlying mechanisms of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 41:462022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Gupta K and Gupta S: Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer: Key epigenetic players. Transl Cancer Res. 6 (Suppl 1):S104–S108. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Hu CD, Choo R and Huang J: Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer: A mechanism of radioresistance and treatment failure. Front Oncol. 5:902015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ejaz S, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Busaidy NL, Hu MI, Waguespack SG, Jimenez C, Ying AK, Cabanillas M, Abbara M and Habra MA: Cushing's syndrome secondary to ectopic ACTH secretion: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience. Cancer. 117:4381–4389. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Matzkin H and Braf Z: Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with prostatic carcinoma. J Urol. 138:1129–1133. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Dhom G: Unusual prostatic carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract. 186:28–36. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Yonaha M, Tanaka M, Kawano T, Sugiyama M, Nishikawa T and Sasano K: An autopsy case of ACTH producing prostate neoplasms with Cushing's syndrome. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. 81:2005–2006. 1992.(In Japanese). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Ciudin A, Huguet Perez J, Ribal Caparros MJ and Alcaraz Asensio A: Cushing syndrome and prostate cancer recurrence with undetectable prostate-specific antigen. Med Clin (Barc). 140:430–431. 2013.(In Spanish). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wenk RE, Bhagavan BS, Levy R, Miller D and Weisburger W: Ectopic ACTH, prostatic oat cell carcinoma, and marked hypernatremia. Cancer. 40:773–778. 1977. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Vuitch MF and Mendelsohn G: Relationship of ectopic ACTH production to tumor differentiation: A morphologic and immunohistochemical study of prostatic carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome. Cancer. 47:296–299. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Carey RM, Varma SK, Drake CR, Thorner MO, Kovacs K, Rivier J and Vale W: Ectopic secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor as a cause of Cushing's syndrome. A clinical, morphologic, and biochemical study. N Engl J Med. 311:13–20. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fjellestad-Paulsen A, Abrahamsson PA, Bjartell A, Grino M, Grimelius L, Hedeland H and Falkmer S: Carcinoma of the prostate with Cushing's syndrome. A case report with histochemical and chemical demonstration of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone in plasma and tumoral tissue. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 119:506–516. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Haukaas SA, Halvorsen OJ, Nygaard SJT and Paus E: Cushing's syndrome in prostate cancer. An aggressive course of prostatic malignancy. Urol Int. 63:126–129. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Rickman T, Garmany R, Doherty T, Benson D and Okusa MD: Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypertension: Cushing's syndrome in a patient with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Am J Kidney Dis. 37:838–846. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Johnson TN and Canada TW: Etomidate use for Cushing's syndrome caused by an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing tumor. Ann Pharmacother. 41:350–353. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Kataoka K, Akasaka Y, Nakajima K, Nagao K, Hara H, Miura K and Ishii N: Cushing syndrome associated with prostatic tumor adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) expression after maximal androgen blockade therapy. Int J Urol. 14:436–439. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Nimalasena S, Freeman A and Harland S: Paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome in prostate cancer: A difficult management problem. BJU Int. 101:424–427. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Alwani RA, Neggers SJ, van der Klift M, Baggen MG, van Leenders GJ, van Aken MO, van der Lely AJ, de Herder WW and Feelders RA: Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production by (neuroendocrine) prostate carcinoma. Pituitary. 12:280–283. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Rajec J, Mego M, Sycova-Mila Z, Obertova J, Brozmanova K and Mardiak J: Paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome as the first sign of progression of prostate cancer. Bratisl Lek Listy. 109:362–363. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Alshaikh OM, Al-Mahfouz AA, Al-Hindi H, Mahfouz AB and Alzahrani AS: Unusual cause of ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone: Cushing syndrome attributable to small cell prostate cancer. Endocr Pract. 16:249–254. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Ramon I, Kleynen P, Valsamis J, Body JJ and Karmali R: Hypophosphatemia related to paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome in prostate cancer: Cure after bilateral adrenalectomy. Calcif Tissue Int. 89:442–445. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Rueda-Camino JA, Losada-Vila B, De Ancos-Aracil CL, Rodríguez-Lajusticia L, Tardío JC and Zapatero-Gaviria A: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate presenting with Cushing Syndrome. A narrative review of an uncommon condition. Ann Med. 48:293–299. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Shrosbree J, Pokorny A, Stone E, Epstein R, Mccormack A and Greenfield JR: Ectopic Cushing syndrome due to neuroendocrine prostatic cancer. Intern Med J. 46:630–632. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ramalingam S, Eisenberg A, Foo WC, Freedman J, Armstrong AJ, Moss LG and Harrison MR: Treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer resulting in Cushing's syndrome. Int J Urol. 23:1038–1041. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Elston MS, Crawford VB, Swarbrick M, Dray MS, Head M and Conaglen JV: Severe Cushing's syndrome due to small cell prostate carcinoma: A case and review of literature. Endocr Connect. 6:R80–R86. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Murphy N, Shen J, Shih A, Liew A, Khalili H, Yaskiv O, Katona K, Lee A and Zhu XH: Paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to treatment emergent neuroendocrine tumor in metastatic Castration-resistant prostate cancer: A unique case. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 17:e56–e60. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Kleinig P and Russell P: Lesson of the month 2: An unusual cause of depression in an older man: Cushing's syndrome resulting from metastatic small cell cancer of the prostate. Clin Med (Lond). 18:432–434. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Klomjit N, Rowan DJ, Kattah AG, Bancos I and Taler SJ: New-Onset resistant hypertension in a newly diagnosed prostate cancer patient. Am J Hypertens. 32:1214–1217. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Soundarrajan M, Zelada H, Fischer JV and Kopp P: Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome due to metastatic prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation. AACE Clin Case Reports. 5:e192–e196. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Schepers LM, Kisters JMH, Wetzels C and Creemers GJ: Hypokalaemia and peripheral oedema in a Cushingoid patient with metastatic prostate cancer. Neth J Med. 78:401–403. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Riaza Montes M, Arredondo Calvo P and Gallego Sánch JA: Small cell metastatic prostate cancer with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone hypersecretion: A case report. Ann Palliat Med. 10:12911–12914. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Fernandes R, Dos Santos J, Reis F and Monteiro S: Cushing syndrome as a manifestation of neuroendocrine prostate cancer: A rare presentation within a rare tumor. Cureus. 13:e181602021.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Zeng W and Khoo J: Challenging case of ectopic ACTH secretion from prostate adenocarcinoma. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2022:37399572022.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hassan B, Yazbeck Y, Akiki V, Salti I and Tfayli A: ACTH-secreting metastatic prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation. BMJ Case Rep. 15:e2479972022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Newmark SR, Dluhy RG and Bennett AH: Ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome with prostatic carcinoma. Urology. 2:666–668. 1973. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Webster GD Jr, Touchstone JC and Suzuki M: Adrenocortical hyperplasia occurring with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate: Report of a case exhibiting increased urinary aldosterone and glucocorticoid excretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 19:967–979. 1959. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Lovern WJ, Fariss BL, Wettlaufer JN and Hane S: Ectopic ACTH production in disseminated prostatic adenocarcinoma. Urology. 5:817–820. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Slater D: Carcinoid tumour of the prostate associated with inappropriate ACTH secretion. Br J Urol. 57:591–592. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Molland EA: Prostatic adenocarcinoma with ectopic ACTH production. Br J Urol. 50:358. 1978. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Wise HM, Pohl AL, Gazzaniga A and Harrison JH: Hyperadrenocorticism associated with ‘reactivated’ prostatic carcinoma. Surgery. 57:655–664. 1965.PubMed/NCBI

43 

Ghali VS and Garcia RL: Prostatic adenocarcinoma with carcinoidal features producing adrenocorticotropic syndrome. Immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. Cancer. 54:1043–1048. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Hussein WI, Kowalyk S and Hoogwerf BJ: Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome caused by metastatic carcinoma of the prostate: Therapeutic response to ketoconazole. Endocr Pract. 8:381–384. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Statham BN, Pardoe TH and Mir MA: Response of ectopic prostatic ACTH production to metyrapone. Postgrad Med J. 57:467–468. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Hall TC: Symptomatic hypokalemic alkalosis in hyperadrenocorticism secondary to carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 21:190–192. 1968. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Balestrieri A, Magnani E and Nuzzo F: Unusual Cushing's syndrome and hypercalcitoninaemia due to a small cell prostate carcinoma. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2016:63080582016.PubMed/NCBI

48 

Asa SL, Kovacs K, Vale W, Petrusz P and Vecsei P: Immunohistologic localization of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in human tumors. Am J Clin Pathol. 87:327–333. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Lemoinne S, Baudel JL, Galbois A, Offenstadt G and Maury E: Suddzith Cushing's Syndrome. Open Endocrinol J. 4:1–2. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Takeuchi M, Sato J, Manaka K, Tanaka M, Matsui H, Sato Y, Kume H, Fukayama M, Iiri T, Nangaku M and Makita N: Molecular analysis and literature-based hypothesis of an immunonegative prostate small cell carcinoma causing ectopic ACTH syndrome. Endocr J. 66:547–554. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Atmaca M, Temiz C, Sebile DH, Dökmetaș M and Kiliçli F: A rare cause of ectopic cushing syndrome: Prostate cancer. Endocr Abstr. 70:EP3482020.

52 

Bloomer Z, Teague J and Vietor N: Ectopic Cushing's From metastatic prostate cancer. J Endocr Soc. 5:A7572021. View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Nadal R, Schweizer M, Kryvenko ON, Epstein JI and Eisenberger MA: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Nat Rev Urol. 1:213–219. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Rojas-Corona RR, Chen L and Mahadevia PS: Prostatic carcinoma with endocrine features. A report of a neoplasm containing multiple immunoreactive hormonal substances. Am J Clin Pathol. 88:759–762. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Abrahamsson PA, Wadström LB, Alumets J, Falkmer S and Grimelius L: Peptide-hormone- and serotonin-immunoreactive tumour cells in carcinoma of the prostate. Pathol Res Pract. 182:298–307. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Jarett L, Lacy PE and Kipnis DM: Characterization by immunofluorescence of an Acth-like substance in nonpituitary tumors from patients with hyperadrenocorticism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 24:543–549. 1964. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Turbat-Herrera EA, Herrera GA, Gore I, Lott RL, Grizzle WE and Bonnin JM: Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinomas. A retrospective autopsy study. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 112:1100–1105. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

58 

Capella C, Usellini L, Buffa R, Frigerio B and Solcia E: The endocrine component of prostatic carcinomas, mixed adenocarcinoma-carcinoid tumours and non-tumour prostate. Histochemical and ultrastructural identification of the endocrine cells. Histopathology. 5:175–192. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Shahani S, Nudelman RJ, Nalini R, Kim HS and Samson SL: Ectopic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) syndrome from metastatic small cell carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol. 5:562010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

di Sant'Agnese PA: Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinoma of the prostate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Cancer. 70 (1 Suppl):S254–S268. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar

61 

Parimi V, Goyal R, Poropatich K and Yang XJ: Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer: A review. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2:273–285. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

62 

Hong MK, Kong J, Namdarian B, Longano A, Grummet J, Hovens CM, Costello AJ and Corcoran NM: Paraneoplastic syndromes in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 7:681–692. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Nadal R, Schweizer M, Kryvenko ON, Epstein JI and Eisenberger MA: Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Nat Rev Urol. 11:213–219. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Andrikopoulou A, Goga K, Stefanaki K, Paschou SA, Athanasopoulos S, Zagouri F and Dimopoulos M: Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature. Oncol Lett 28: 417, 2024.
APA
Andrikopoulou, A., Goga, K., Stefanaki, K., Paschou, S.A., Athanasopoulos, S., Zagouri, F., & Dimopoulos, M. (2024). Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature. Oncology Letters, 28, 417. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14550
MLA
Andrikopoulou, A., Goga, K., Stefanaki, K., Paschou, S. A., Athanasopoulos, S., Zagouri, F., Dimopoulos, M."Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature". Oncology Letters 28.3 (2024): 417.
Chicago
Andrikopoulou, A., Goga, K., Stefanaki, K., Paschou, S. A., Athanasopoulos, S., Zagouri, F., Dimopoulos, M."Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature". Oncology Letters 28, no. 3 (2024): 417. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14550
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Andrikopoulou A, Goga K, Stefanaki K, Paschou SA, Athanasopoulos S, Zagouri F and Dimopoulos M: Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature. Oncol Lett 28: 417, 2024.
APA
Andrikopoulou, A., Goga, K., Stefanaki, K., Paschou, S.A., Athanasopoulos, S., Zagouri, F., & Dimopoulos, M. (2024). Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature. Oncology Letters, 28, 417. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14550
MLA
Andrikopoulou, A., Goga, K., Stefanaki, K., Paschou, S. A., Athanasopoulos, S., Zagouri, F., Dimopoulos, M."Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature". Oncology Letters 28.3 (2024): 417.
Chicago
Andrikopoulou, A., Goga, K., Stefanaki, K., Paschou, S. A., Athanasopoulos, S., Zagouri, F., Dimopoulos, M."Ectopic Cushing syndrome in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature". Oncology Letters 28, no. 3 (2024): 417. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14550
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team