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FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis

  • Authors:
    • Huili Pan
    • Zhiyan Luo
    • Feng Lin
    • Jing Zhang
    • Ting Xiong
    • Yurong Hong
    • Bohao Sun
    • Yan Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China, Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China, Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Pan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 510
    |
    Published online on: August 26, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14643
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Abstract

Thyroid cancer (THCA) is a malignant tumor that affects the endocrine system. At present, an effective treatment for THCA remains elusive, particularly for medullary carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, due to the lack of suitable medications and prognostic markers. Patient RNA‑sequencing and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype‑Tissue Expression databases. Protein‑protein interaction analyses were performed for differentially expressed genes related to THCA. Moreover, the associations between fibronectin 1 (FN1), clinical data, immune checkpoint genes and immune cell infiltration was assessed. The potential functional role of the FN1 gene was evaluated through gene set enrichment analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess FN1 expression in 103 cases of THCA, comprising 32 with papillary carcinoma, 30 with follicular carcinoma, 35 with medullary carcinoma and 6 with undifferentiated carcinoma. Finally, 11 co‑expression modules were constructed and the expression of five identified hub genes (FN1, mucin‑1, keratin 19, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and neural cell adhesion molecule) were evaluated. The results demonstrated that higher FN1 gene expression levels were strongly associated with a higher pathologic stage and tumor stage, and were significantly associated with immune cell infiltration in THCA. Significant increases in FN1 protein expression levels were noted among patients diagnosed with four types of THCA, comprising papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients diagnosed with medullary carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, and with low FN1 expression levels, exhibited a significant survival advantage compared with those with high FN1 expression levels. In conclusion, the present study identified five hub genes involved in the onset and progression of THCA. Furthermore, FN1 could serve as a candidate biomarker and a therapeutic target for THCA and may be a key gene mediating THCA immune infiltration.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Pan H, Luo Z, Lin F, Zhang J, Xiong T, Hong Y, Sun B and Yang Y: FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis. Oncol Lett 28: 510, 2024.
APA
Pan, H., Luo, Z., Lin, F., Zhang, J., Xiong, T., Hong, Y. ... Yang, Y. (2024). FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis. Oncology Letters, 28, 510. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14643
MLA
Pan, H., Luo, Z., Lin, F., Zhang, J., Xiong, T., Hong, Y., Sun, B., Yang, Y."FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis". Oncology Letters 28.5 (2024): 510.
Chicago
Pan, H., Luo, Z., Lin, F., Zhang, J., Xiong, T., Hong, Y., Sun, B., Yang, Y."FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis". Oncology Letters 28, no. 5 (2024): 510. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14643
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x
Spandidos Publications style
Pan H, Luo Z, Lin F, Zhang J, Xiong T, Hong Y, Sun B and Yang Y: FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis. Oncol Lett 28: 510, 2024.
APA
Pan, H., Luo, Z., Lin, F., Zhang, J., Xiong, T., Hong, Y. ... Yang, Y. (2024). FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis. Oncology Letters, 28, 510. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14643
MLA
Pan, H., Luo, Z., Lin, F., Zhang, J., Xiong, T., Hong, Y., Sun, B., Yang, Y."FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis". Oncology Letters 28.5 (2024): 510.
Chicago
Pan, H., Luo, Z., Lin, F., Zhang, J., Xiong, T., Hong, Y., Sun, B., Yang, Y."FN1, a reliable prognostic biomarker for thyroid cancer, is associated with tumor immunity and an unfavorable prognosis". Oncology Letters 28, no. 5 (2024): 510. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14643
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