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Case Report Open Access

Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report

  • Authors:
    • Keke Wei
    • Fang Liu
    • Cheng Ning
    • Yingbo Zhang
    • Chunmei Hu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 451
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    Published online on: July 18, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15197
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Abstract

Metastases in the choroid originating from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remain rare. The diagnosis of ocular metastases and primary lung tumors in individuals with SCLC can be challenging and time‑consuming, particularly when their first symptoms present as ocular. The treatment of patients with ocular metastases of lung cancer is another clinical challenge in terms of primary tumor control and metastasis suppression. The current study presents the case of a 62‑year‑old man admitted to The Second Hospital of Jilin University (Jilin, China) for blurred vision. Based on subsequent clinical and pathological features of the patient, choroidal metastasis was suspected. Upon examination, the patient was diagnosed with serous retinal detachment, pleural effusion, choroidal metastases and SCLC of the right lung. Patients with the aforementioned condition receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. First‑line chemotherapy regimens consisted of etoposide and nedaplatin, while second‑line regimens consisted of liposomal paclitaxel combined with lobaplatin. The condition of the patient was controlled during the first treatment period, which led to a temporary improvement in quality of life. However, the disease rapidly progressed, and the patient declined further treatment and ultimately succumbed to his illness. Visual symptoms may be the first indication of malignant tumors; therefore, ocular symptoms should be vigilantly monitored in patients diagnosed with malignant tumors. Furthermore, palliative care, psychological support and socioeconomic assistance are key to the quality of life of patients. Adoption of a patient‑centered approach to provide comfort can also optimize treatment outcomes and improve the quality of life of patients.
View Figures

Figure 1

Fundus photograph of the right eye at
initial consultation shows a subretinal lesion temporal to the
optic disc (red arrow), with inferior retinal detachment (white
arrow).

Figure 2

Ocular ultrasound at initial
consultation shows ciliary body leakage and a low-to-medium
echogenic solid mass on the fundus wall (red arrow), with irregular
internal echoes and well-defined margins. A membranous bulge with
abundant internal blood flow is observed (white arrow).

Figure 3

Optical coherence tomography at
initial consultation shows elevation of the retina with associated
inferior retinal detachment (red arrow) (scale bar, 200 µm).

Figure 4

Multimodal fundus images at initial
presentation showing a vascularized intraocular lesion
(magnification, ×200). (A) Early-phase FA shows intense
hyperfluorescence and active leakage in the right eye. (B) Early
ICGA reveals a dense choroidal vascular network in the right eye.
(C) Late-phase FA demonstrates persistent dye pooling and staining
in the right eye. (D) Late-phase ICGA shows localized choroidal
hyperfluorescence in the right eye. (E) Color fundus photo of the
left eye is unremarkable. (F) Color fundus photo of the right eye
shows a yellowish elevated lesion.

Figure 5

Orbital MRI showing choroidal
metastasis in the right eye. (A) Axial view reveals an intraocular
mass with associated retinal detachment (red arrow). (B) Sagittal
view confirms choroidal thickening and elevation of the retina (red
arrow). RAI, right-anterior-inferior; RPI,
right-posterior-inferior.

Figure 6

Axial chest CT scans before and after
treatment. (A) Pre-treatment CT (mediastinal window) reveals a
heterogeneously enhancing mass (46×35 mm) in the right lower lung
lobe with suspected malignant pleural effusion and right
hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy (red arrow). (B) Pre-treatment CT
(lung window) reveals decreased aeration in the right lower lobe
due to compression by the mass, along with visible pleural
effusion. (C) Post-treatment CT (mediastinal window) reveals
reduction in the mass size, resolution of pleural effusion, and
improved lung clarity in the right lower lobe (white arrow). (D)
Post-treatment (lung window) reveals improved lung clarity in the
right lower lobe and re-expansion of the compressed lung tissue,
with no evident pleural effusion.

Figure 7

Histopathological and
immunohistochemical analysis of the pulmonary lesion obtained via
transbronchial biopsy. Cellular morphology shows nuclear molding
and crush artifacts, consistent with small cell carcinoma.
Immunohistochemistry reveals positivity for CK(AE1/AE3), CgA, Syn,
CD56, Ki-67 (90%) and TTF-1, and negativity for LCA/CD45, Napsin A,
p40 and CK5/6 (magnification, ×100). CK, cytokeratin; CgA,
chromogranin A; Syn, synaptophysin; CD, cluster of differentiation;
TTF-1, thyroid transcription factor-1; LCA, leukocyte common
antigen.

Figure 8

Brain MRI showing abnormal signal in
the right cerebellar hemisphere. (A) Axial T1-weighted image (red
arrow). (B) Diffusion-weighted imaging reveals a hyperintense
lesion (red arrow).
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wei K, Liu F, Ning C, Zhang Y and Hu C: Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report. Oncol Lett 30: 451, 2025.
APA
Wei, K., Liu, F., Ning, C., Zhang, Y., & Hu, C. (2025). Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report. Oncology Letters, 30, 451. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15197
MLA
Wei, K., Liu, F., Ning, C., Zhang, Y., Hu, C."Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report". Oncology Letters 30.4 (2025): 451.
Chicago
Wei, K., Liu, F., Ning, C., Zhang, Y., Hu, C."Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report". Oncology Letters 30, no. 4 (2025): 451. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15197
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Spandidos Publications style
Wei K, Liu F, Ning C, Zhang Y and Hu C: Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report. Oncol Lett 30: 451, 2025.
APA
Wei, K., Liu, F., Ning, C., Zhang, Y., & Hu, C. (2025). Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report. Oncology Letters, 30, 451. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15197
MLA
Wei, K., Liu, F., Ning, C., Zhang, Y., Hu, C."Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report". Oncology Letters 30.4 (2025): 451.
Chicago
Wei, K., Liu, F., Ning, C., Zhang, Y., Hu, C."Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of small cell lung cancer: A case report". Oncology Letters 30, no. 4 (2025): 451. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15197
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