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Review Open Access

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer 
(Review)

  • Authors:
    • Qingsong Deng
    • Minglian He
    • Leida Zhang
    • Yuzhang Wu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China, Army Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Deng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 458
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    Published online on: July 23, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15204
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Abstract

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the third leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide. The most effective curative treatment for liver cancer is radical hepatic resection; however, >50% of patients experience relapse within 2 years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective adjuvant treatments for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatic resection, as they decrease postoperative recurrence risk and prolong patient survival. Clinical trials aim to evaluate the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and indicate that ICIs are tolerated and more effective in decreasing local cancer recurrence and metastasis compared with standard neoadjuvant or adjuvant targeted therapies. For resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, almost all neoadjuvant therapy regimens involve chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, but these treatments are available only to those participating in ongoing clinical studies. The present review presents the most relevant efficacy and safety results of completed and ongoing clinical trials and discusses challenges associated with the administration of ICIs for PLC in the neoadjuvant setting. The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients before liver resection, transplantation, radiofrequency ablation or similar procedures has been investigated primarily through exploratory clinical trials. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is a promising and safe perioperative treatment for resectable HCC and has acceptable efficacy. Extensive clinical trials with definitive support for this approach are needed to justify its clinical application.
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Deng Q, He M, Zhang L and Wu Y: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer&nbsp;<br />(Review). Oncol Lett 30: 458, 2025.
APA
Deng, Q., He, M., Zhang, L., & Wu, Y. (2025). Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer&nbsp;<br />(Review). Oncology Letters, 30, 458. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15204
MLA
Deng, Q., He, M., Zhang, L., Wu, Y."Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer&nbsp;<br />(Review)". Oncology Letters 30.4 (2025): 458.
Chicago
Deng, Q., He, M., Zhang, L., Wu, Y."Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer&nbsp;<br />(Review)". Oncology Letters 30, no. 4 (2025): 458. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15204
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Deng Q, He M, Zhang L and Wu Y: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer&nbsp;<br />(Review). Oncol Lett 30: 458, 2025.
APA
Deng, Q., He, M., Zhang, L., & Wu, Y. (2025). Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer&nbsp;<br />(Review). Oncology Letters, 30, 458. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15204
MLA
Deng, Q., He, M., Zhang, L., Wu, Y."Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer&nbsp;<br />(Review)". Oncology Letters 30.4 (2025): 458.
Chicago
Deng, Q., He, M., Zhang, L., Wu, Y."Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer&nbsp;<br />(Review)". Oncology Letters 30, no. 4 (2025): 458. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15204
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