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Review Open Access

Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Jiayun Ma
    • Jun Jiang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Qinghai University, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China, Division III, Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 46
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    Published online on: November 25, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15399
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Abstract

In recent years, the treatment of stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has witnessed notable progress due to the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which markedly improved patient prognosis. On the basis of pivotal studies such as PACIFIC and GEMSTONE‑301, immune consolidation therapy has become the standard regimen. Durvalumab consolidation therapy extended the median progression‑free survival (mPFS) from 5.6 to 16.9 months [hazard ratio (HR)=0.55] and the median overall survival from 29.1 to 47.5 months (HR=0.72), thus increasing the 5‑year survival rate by ~10%. Sugemalimab demonstrated similar benefits (mPFS, 9.0 vs. 5.8 months; HR=0.64). Currently, immune consolidation therapy serves as the core treatment strategy, whereas induction therapy and treatment de‑escalation strategies provide novel options for specific patient populations. The optimization of treatment sequencing is being integrated with dynamic circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring. ctDNA clearance after chemoradiotherapy indicates further remission and notably improved survival outcomes. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic modalities such as antibody‑drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies are potentially expected to further reshape the treatment landscape in the future. The present review aimed to provide an evidence‑based framework for individualized precision treatment for stage III unresectable NSCLC.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ma J and Jiang J: Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 31: 46, 2026.
APA
Ma, J., & Jiang, J. (2026). Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review). Oncology Letters, 31, 46. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15399
MLA
Ma, J., Jiang, J."Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review)". Oncology Letters 31.2 (2026): 46.
Chicago
Ma, J., Jiang, J."Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review)". Oncology Letters 31, no. 2 (2026): 46. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15399
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ma J and Jiang J: Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 31: 46, 2026.
APA
Ma, J., & Jiang, J. (2026). Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review). Oncology Letters, 31, 46. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15399
MLA
Ma, J., Jiang, J."Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review)". Oncology Letters 31.2 (2026): 46.
Chicago
Ma, J., Jiang, J."Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non‑small cell lung cancer (Review)". Oncology Letters 31, no. 2 (2026): 46. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15399
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