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Ubiquitination and N6‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Hailong Li
    • Xuelin Lu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, Hunan 415000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 297
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    Published online on: May 18, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15652
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Abstract

Ubiquitination and N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation constitute two fundamental layers of post‑translational and post‑transcriptional regulation that coordinately govern gene expression in cancer. These regulatory systems exhibit intricate crosstalk, revealing that they frequently converge on shared oncogenic signaling pathways to fine‑tune malignant cell behaviors. Cooperative regulation by ubiquitination and m6A is involved in modulating core cancer‑driving circuits, including the PI3K‑AKT and NF‑κB pathways, thereby taking part in tumor cell proliferation, metastatic dissemination, immune evasion, metabolic adaptation and resistance to targeted therapies and chemotherapy. The interaction between them forms intricate feedback loops and exhibits context specificity, with the same regulatory axis capable of promoting or restraining tumorigenesis depending on cell types, mutation background and microenvironmental cues. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying ubiquitin‑m6A crosstalk is thus key for developing next‑generation precision oncology strategies. Notably, components of these pathways such as ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitinases and m6A writers, erasers and readers, have been regarded as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Future advances relying on integrative multi‑omics profiling, sophisticated functional models and rigorous in vivo validation are essential to unravel the complexity of these multi‑layered regulatory networks. Such insights may ultimately enable the rational design of therapies that exploit ubiquitin‑m6A crosstalk to more effectively suppress cancer progression.
View Figures

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the
ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation pathway. The
process is initiated by the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin
via an E1 activating enzyme, which catalyzes the formation of a
thioester bond between its catalytic cysteine and the C-terminal
glycine of ubiquitin. The activated ubiquitin is subsequently
transferred to the E2 conjugating enzyme through a
transesterification reaction. The E3 ubiquitin ligase then mediates
the final conjugation step, facilitating the transfer of ubiquitin
from the E2 to a lysine residue on the substrate protein via an
isopeptide bond. The resulting ubiquitinated substrate is
ultimately targeted to the 26S proteasome for proteolytic
degradation. Figure generated using Adobe Illustrator (v29.8.1.2,
Adobe Systems, Inc.). E1, Ubiquitin - activating enzyme; E2,
Ubiquitin - conjugating enzyme; E3, Ubiquitin ligase; ATP,
adenosine triphosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; DUB,
deubiquitinating enzyme.

Figure 2

Schematic representation of the m6A
modification in cancer. This figure illustrates the reversible m6A
enzymatic cycle and its role in governing the fate of mRNA
transcripts within oncogenic signaling pathways. The modification
is installed by ‘writer’ complexes, such as METTL3 and METTL14,
which catalyze methylation at the RRACH consensus motif, and is
removed by ‘eraser’ demethylases such as FTO and ALKBH5. These
marks are subsequently interpreted by specific ‘reader’ proteins,
including members of the YTH family and IGF2BPs, that mediate
downstream effects on RNA metabolism, such as splicing, nuclear
export, transcript stability and translational efficiency.
Dysregulation of these regulators disrupts normal cellular
homeostasis and promotes hallmarks of cancer, such as cell-cycle
progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastatic
dissemination and therapeutic resistance, in a highly
context-specific manner. Figure generated using Adobe Illustrator
(v29.8.1.2, Adobe Systems, Inc.). METTL3, methyltransferase-like 3;
HNRNPA2/B1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1; YTHDC1,
YTH domain-containing 1; m6A, N6-methyladenosine; FTO, fat mass and
obesity-associated protein; ALKBH5, ALKB homolog 5; WTAP, Wilms'
tumor 1-associated protein; YTHDC2/F2/F3, YTH domain - containing
2/F2/F3; IGF2BP 2/3, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding
protein 2/3; METTL14, methyltransferase-like 14.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li H and Lu X: Ubiquitination and N<sup>6</sup>‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review). Oncol Lett 32: 297, 2026.
APA
Li, H., & Lu, X. (2026). Ubiquitination and N<sup>6</sup>‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review). Oncology Letters, 32, 297. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15652
MLA
Li, H., Lu, X."Ubiquitination and N<sup>6</sup>‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review)". Oncology Letters 32.1 (2026): 297.
Chicago
Li, H., Lu, X."Ubiquitination and N<sup>6</sup>‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review)". Oncology Letters 32, no. 1 (2026): 297. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15652
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li H and Lu X: Ubiquitination and N<sup>6</sup>‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review). Oncol Lett 32: 297, 2026.
APA
Li, H., & Lu, X. (2026). Ubiquitination and N<sup>6</sup>‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review). Oncology Letters, 32, 297. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15652
MLA
Li, H., Lu, X."Ubiquitination and N<sup>6</sup>‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review)". Oncology Letters 32.1 (2026): 297.
Chicago
Li, H., Lu, X."Ubiquitination and N<sup>6</sup>‑methyladenosine in cancer: Convergent regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Review)". Oncology Letters 32, no. 1 (2026): 297. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15652
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