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Oncology Letters
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Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
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August-2026 Volume 32 Issue 2

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

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Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

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Review Open Access

Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Yihe Tian
    • Hai Liu
    • Minhong Zhang
    • Aiping Cui
    • Hao Chen
    • Lei Shi
    • Junyao Zhu
    • Mingchun Li
    • Biao Wang
    • Hao Huang
    • Jianqiong Yang

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: The Clinical Medicine Research Center of The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Tian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 347
    |
    Published online on: June 12, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15702
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Abstract

Conventional two‑dimensional cell cultures predominantly grow as monolayers, lacking the complex spatial architecture of in vivo tumors. However, three‑dimensional (3D) tumor culture systems can overcome these limitations by reconstituting cell‑cell and cell‑matrix interactions, thereby recapitulating the essential hallmarks of solid tumors, including spatial gradients of oxygen, growth factors and metabolites. 3D tumor models are essential preclinical tools in lung cancer research, providing valuable resources for studying cancer biology and developing novel anticancer drugs. The present review examines different 3D culture methods, highlighting the benefits and applications of multicellular tumor spheroids and organoid models in the screening process for anti‑lung cancer drugs. The present review aims to provide a novel perspective on tumor biology and in vitro drug screening, and a theoretical basis for developing and applying 3D culture models.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tian Y, Liu H, Zhang M, Cui A, Chen H, Shi L, Zhu J, Li M, Wang B, Huang H, Huang H, et al: Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review). Oncol Lett 32: 347, 2026.
APA
Tian, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, M., Cui, A., Chen, H., Shi, L. ... Yang, J. (2026). Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review). Oncology Letters, 32, 347. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15702
MLA
Tian, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, M., Cui, A., Chen, H., Shi, L., Zhu, J., Li, M., Wang, B., Huang, H., Yang, J."Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review)". Oncology Letters 32.2 (2026): 347.
Chicago
Tian, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, M., Cui, A., Chen, H., Shi, L., Zhu, J., Li, M., Wang, B., Huang, H., Yang, J."Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review)". Oncology Letters 32, no. 2 (2026): 347. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15702
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tian Y, Liu H, Zhang M, Cui A, Chen H, Shi L, Zhu J, Li M, Wang B, Huang H, Huang H, et al: Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review). Oncol Lett 32: 347, 2026.
APA
Tian, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, M., Cui, A., Chen, H., Shi, L. ... Yang, J. (2026). Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review). Oncology Letters, 32, 347. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15702
MLA
Tian, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, M., Cui, A., Chen, H., Shi, L., Zhu, J., Li, M., Wang, B., Huang, H., Yang, J."Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review)". Oncology Letters 32.2 (2026): 347.
Chicago
Tian, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, M., Cui, A., Chen, H., Shi, L., Zhu, J., Li, M., Wang, B., Huang, H., Yang, J."Advantages and research progress of three‑dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review)". Oncology Letters 32, no. 2 (2026): 347. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15702
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